Table of Content

31 May 2008, Volume 29 Issue 5

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Paper

A Study on the Speed Governing Strategy of Hydraulic Torque Converter Lock-up Process

XUNuo, HU Yu-hui, CHEN Hui-yan, TAO Gang

2008, 29(5):  513-517.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.001

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Considering the double demands of power performance and lock-up quality for the lock-up process of hydraulic torque converter, a lock-up control strategy based on engine speed governing was proposed. Through analyzing the effects on lock-up impacts from the sliding-friction moment of lock?up clutch and inertial energy releasing of the engine, lock-up process control was realized by taking the sliding-tnction velocity of lock-up clutch, instead of the position of accelerator pedal, as the input exci?tation oi aiesel engine speed governing system. The strategy was testified by an actual test with a cer?tain tracked vehicle. The test results indicate that the lock-up control strategy based on engine speed governing can implement a smooth and fast lock-up process without losing power performance of the venicie.

Dynamic Simulation of Spring-Hydraulic Delayed Bolt

YAO Yang-wu, WANG Gang, SHI Yi

2008, 29(5):  518-520.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.002

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A new type of the soring-hydraulic delayed bolt made up of bolt head, bolt body, liquid and spring was put forward. The dynamic model of automatic mechanism was established, automatic mechanism was simulated and calculated by dynamic software. The results show that the new principle and structure delayed bolt is feasible; bolt head of small mass may decrease collision between bolt head and receiver as bolt arrives the foreside and rearward of receiver; the bolt head is braked by larger hy?draulic drag in initial phase of bolt head recoil; the bolt body does not impact receiver as bolt body is braked by hydraulic resistance.

Progress Risk Analysis of Naval Gun Development Based on Multiple Risk Probability Models

TIAN Xin-guang, QIU Zhi-ming, DUAN Mi-yi

2008, 29(5):  521-525.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.003

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A model for progress risk analysis based on multiple risk probability was constructed accord?ing to the risk distribution characteristics of naval gun system development. A risk evaluation method based on normal and exponential distribution was presented, which is more objective and accurate than traditional methods. The index and criterion for progress risk evaluation were analyzed in terms of practical risk factors. The efficiency and reliability of the method were verified through actual exam?ples.

Thermodynamic Analysis on Gas Characterigtics of Artillery Counter-Recoil Mechanism

WANG Cheng, ZHANG Pei-lin, FU Jian-ping

2008, 29(5):  526-531.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.004

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High-pressure gas system thermodynamic characters of artillery counter-recoil mechanism in the transient recoil processes were studied. A method of studying the characters was proposed by the piecewise process and the polytropic exponent based on ideal gas poly tropic equation adapted generally at present. According to practical gas character, the whole recoil process was divided into four differ?ent stages, in which the characters were calculated by an invariable polytropic exponent. The results of theoretical analysis indicate that the polytropic exponents in these stages are different and their theoret?ical values may be greater than adiabatic exponent of 1.4. The experimental results prove the theoreti?cal analysis results to be correct. The conclusions were valuable to the reasonable design and fault anal?ysis of counter-recoil mechanism.

Experimental Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of MagnetoRheological Dampers Under Impact Loads

ZHANG Li-jie, WANG Jiong, QIAN Lin-fang

2008, 29(5):  532-536.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.005

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Since magneto-rheological (MR) dampers applied to gun recoil mechanisms experience im?pact loads and high velocities, the impact test for the special designed long-stroke MR damper was done, and the dynamic performance of the MR damper was examined. The dynamic performance mo?del of the MR damper under impact load was proposed by fitting the experimental data with nonlinear least square method and on the basis of the steady flow equations for parallel plates based on nonlinear Herschel-Burkley constitutive performance of the MR fluid. The controllability of the damping force of MR dampers used for recoil mechanisms was further analyzed with the above model. The results indi?cate that it，s feasible that the ideal recoil dynamic performance can be realized by the controllability of the damping force of MR dampers for using MR dampers on recoil mechanisms.

Analysis for the Finishing Condition of Rotation for a Fuze Ball Rotor

WEN Quan, WANG Yu-shi

2008, 29(5):  537-540.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.006

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In order to get the dynamic balanced angle used to describe the rotating motion finishing state of a fuze ball rotor and improve its reliability in the engineering design, the balanced equations of ap?plied forces were established at the end of rotating motion of the fuze ball rotor whose mass center does not coincide with its geometric center and has an offset from the spin axis of the projectile. The finish?ing condition was discussed for the solution of coupled differential equations of the rotating motion of the fuze ball rotor. As an example, the dynamic balanced angle of a certain fuze ball rotor was numeri?cally simulated. The simulated result shows that the dynamic balanced angle is near to, but not equal to zero and has a large dispersion. The experiment result shows that on the basis of improving the de?lay arming performance, the dynamic balanced angle should be considered to increase the reliability of fire and transmission of detonation at the beginning of design for the fuze ball rotor, especially under the situations of the large fuze ball rotor diameter and spin eccentricity, and tKe used stab detonator.

Analysis of Stress Relaxation Spectrum of Pasty Propellant

ZHOU Chao, ZHENG Ya, ZHANG Jia-xian, FAN Hong-jie

2008, 29(5):  541-543.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.007

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The experiment of stress relaxation of double-base pasty propellant was conducted by the rheometer RS300 Haake, the relation between relaxation modulus and time was obtained. The contin?uous and discrete relaxation spectra were obtained through analyzing experimental data. By contrasting the results of two methods, the discrete spectrum is more significant in practical application from the point of view of relaxation time scope. Three to eight relaxation time elements should be adopted in computing discrete relaxation spectrum, which is concluded by analyzing the effect of relaxation ele?ment number on relaxation spectrum result.

APT Coarse Tracking CCD Camera as Free Space Laser Communication System

WANG Shi-feng, ZHAO Xin, TONG Shou-feng,ZHANG Guo-yu, JIANG Hui-Iin

2008, 29(5):  544-547.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.008

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Acquisition, pointing and tracking are important processes in a free space laser communica?tion system. For a coarse tracking subsystem, coarse tracking CCD camera was made to acquire the beacon laser. Optical integrated time, programable gain and image brightness offset are set in real-time by the series command in the array CCD TC237B. The digital image is output through Camera Lmk interface. The camera can choose its driving mode by the command. When the region-oi-interest (ROI) drive timing with 256 X 25b pixel output is used, the frame rate can reach 100 frames per sec-ond and meet the servo bandwidth.

Adaptive Digital Technique of IR FPA

SUI Xiu-bao, CHEN Qian, LU Hong-hong

2008, 29(5):  548-551.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.009

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The universal digitalization method of the analog signal from infrared focal plane array (IR FPA) is that the drive board of IR PFA fixes the analog input range of analog-to-digital integrated cir?cuit (A/D IC) and then converts it to the digital signal. This method results in the problem oi low IR image resolution. In order to solve the problem, the adaptive digital technique was put forward, which obviates the blind pixel jamming of IR FPA. The gray threshold was set according to the whole scene gray, the bias voltage of A/D IC was calculated, the digital range of analog signal was adjusted adap?tively, so as to make the output digital signal tranformed from the analog signal occupy more digital range of A/D IC. The theory derivation demonstrates that the technique can improve the IR image de?tail resolution by a big margin.

Research on Improving Receiver Sensitivity of Electromagnetic Induction Devices in Adjacent Movement

GU Ji-hui, SHI Xiang-quan, JANG Yang

2008, 29(5):  552-556.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.010

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The sensitivity of electromagnetic induction device is dependent on the intensity and unifor?mity of magnetic field transmitted and the structure and the material of receiver in adjacent movement. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, an optimal structure of electromagnetic induction receiver with high sensitivity was presented in the fuze setting, system of artillery. The theoretical analysis, nu?merical simulation and experimental verification were done for it. The correctness of the research method was confirmed by good agreement of simulated result and measured one. The design and ex?periment methods proposed can be applied referentially to other electromagnetic induction sets.

Stability Analysis on the System for the Fast Start-up of a Liquid Driven Gyro

ZOU Yi-min, WANG Bo

2008, 29(5):  557-561.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.011

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Liquid driven gyro is the key sensor in the attitude control system for long-range unsophisti?cated- controlled rockets. A new electromagnetic control scheme was presented. It is the principle of the scheme that the electromagnetic control moment makes the inertial axis of gyro close to and follow the axis of missile body quickly before launching; the off axis angle between the gyro axis and missile axis is picked up by the signal detection coil of the liquid driven gyro; after appropriate processing, the signal is fed into the electromagnetic control coil, thus an electromagnetic control moment is produced that forces the gyro axis to precess in the direction of reducing the off axis angle and further ensuring the gyro for sensing the direction of missile axis exactly after launch. A theoretical dynamic model of the control system was deduced. The stability oi the control system was analyzed using Lyapunov di?rect method and the condition of stability was deduced. Simulations of the effect of missile axis swing on the inertial axis of gyro were carried out. The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the pro?posed scheme.

The Coning Motion Stability Analysis of Rocket

WANG Hua-bi, WU Jia-sheng

2008, 29(5):  562-566.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.012

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The nonlinear coning motion equations in body coordinates on the force moment coefficients of low speed spinning rocket were obtained based on the dynamics equations. Through linearization, the system stability equations were set up by Liapunovs first theory. The side moment effect to the stability of the system was obtained by Hurwitz stability criterion. Through the calculated example, the side moment effect to the coning motion of spinning rocket was validated. The critical rotation speed and critical coning angle were obtained by tne simulation.

Optimal Guidance Law with Multiple Constraints in Ground Strike

SUN Wei-meng, ZHENG Zhi-qiang

2008, 29(5):  567-571.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.013

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In order to study the problem of the precision guidance with multiple constraints in the mod?ern air-to-surface weapon. The guidance law was respectively designed on the basis of dividing the 3D terminal movement of aerial vehicle into the movements of pitching plane and swerve plane. Consider?ing the multi-constraint conditions of miss-distance, impact angular, orientation angular and system dynamics. The new guidance law was deduced by the Riccati equation of the quadratic optimal control, and approximate expression of zero-order lag-free system was given. The feasibility and the fine ballis?tics performance of the guidance law were verified by the simulations of the characteristic trajectory and the compare of guidance laws. The verified result shows that the optimal guidance law with multiple constraints is satisfied with the precision guidance in the multi-constraint conditions, and have more predominance of acceleration control in terminal phase and trajectory compensation in early phase.

Guidance Precision Analysis for Aerial Dispenser and Bomblet Based on Bayesian Method

LI Xin-xin, XIE Hong-wei, SUN Zhi-qiang

2008, 29(5):  572-576.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.014

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Taking aim at the appraisal problem of guidance precision for wind correction aerial dis?penser and bomblet, the relationship oi indexes between the destructive efnciency and guidance preci?sion was discussed, according to release case and destructive mechanism of the dispenser and bomblet. The appraisal scheme of the guidance precision and the dispensing uniformity for the dispenser and bomblet was proposed and the sequential probability ratio test was improved by Bayes theory under the condition of small samples. The simulated results show that the scheme can reduce the needed sample amount and be used for appraising the precisions of the dispenser ana bomblet.

Research on Support Model for Valuable Spare Parts of Weaponry

SUN Jiang-sheng, LI Su-jian, Lü Yan-mei,ZHAO Fang-geng

2008, 29(5):  577-580.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.015

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Whether in the process of current support management service differentiation of weaponry, or in the fields of quantitative research on composite support theory, weaponry supportability, main?tainability and spare part provision are relatively independent system. Considering the influence of spare part provision on its cost and the relation between the cost and the systematical availability, the supportability model related to the parameters of availability, maintainability and spare part provision was established by the classical METRIC model and the repairable-item inventory theory, under the condition of the single-echelon repair and the emergent provision. The simulation and the analysis made by the model were carried out with an actual example.

Period Hit Probability of a Maneuver Target Randomly Passing Through a Shot Area

LIU Chao, WANG Yuan-gang, GUOZhi

2008, 29(5):  581-584.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.016

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Based on the characteristic of awaiting fire in the fire control theory, the problem of period hit probability to a maneuver target with properties of randomly passing through snot area was studied, that is, many hit probability under the condition of shooting time limited. The general expressions of the period hit probabilities many times under shot area were achieved through derived the density func?tion in many nits to target with properties of randomly passing through shot area and its characteristic function. The calculated result of a practical example shows that the expressions are correct.

Reliability Assessment of Naval Ship Equipment on Zero Failure Data

CHEN Guo-bing, YANG Zi-chun, WANG Jian-ping

2008, 29(5):  585-587.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.017

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In order to assess the reliability of naval ship equipment on zero failure data, a Monte Carlo simulation method was proposed by randomly weighting test samples on the basis of analyzing the reli?ability assessment of the exponential distribution and the small samples. The MTBF of naval ship e- quipment for unknown mother’s body distribution was assessed by the proposed method. Examples proved that these methods can solve the problem efficiently.

Simulations for Dynamic Behaviors of Complex Maintenance System

YIN Xiao-hu，WEN Xi-sen, QIAN Yan-ling,YANG Yong-min

2008, 29(5):  588-591.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.018

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Equipment maintenance system is naturally a complex dynamical system, in which the cor?relations of its different parts determine the changes of the whole. From the viewpoint of information, the changes of maintenance requirements are the key drivers of the operation of whole system. To?wards the practical management and effective control of maintenance system, it is necessary that the intrinsic dynamic behaviors, especially the transient behaviors of maintenance system, must be cap?tured. So the simulation method was used, and a two level maintenance system for a class of equip?ment was considered. The operation process of the maintenance system was analyzed, and the simula?tion framework and the algorithm were proposed and implemented. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the framework and the algorithm, and reveal the maintenance system’s nonlinear dy?namics, which is never given by traditional random process method.

3-D Defect Profile Reconstruction from Magnetic rlux Leakage Signals Based on Sparsity LS-SVM

JI Feng-zhu, WANG Chang-long, Wang Jin,SUN Qin-Iei

2008, 29(5):  592-595.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.019

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The reconstruction of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) defect profiles means the reconstruction of defect profiles and parameters from MFL inspection signals. It is the key for the inversion of MFL inspection signals. 3-D defect reconstruction from MFL signals was studied by the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM)，on which the pruning algorithm imposes the sparseness. In the network training, the normal component of magnetic flux density Bx was chosen as the input data of SVM nets and the defect geometric parameters： length, width and depth as the output data. The sample data li?brary was constructed by the experimental data and simulated data obtained by 3-D finite element method. A mapping from MFL signals to 3-D profiles of defects was established, and inversion of 3-D profiles of defects from magnetic flux leakage inspection signals was achieved. Experimental results show that the LS-SVM has high precision, a good generalization ability and the capability of tolerating noise.

Source Number Blind Estimation Algorithm of Battlefield Multiple Target Acoustic signal Mixture

LI Jing-hua, XU Jia-dong, LI Hong-juan

2008, 29(5):  596-601.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.020

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In order to adapt for the battlefield environment and solve an invalidation problem of estima?tion of source number using traditional minimum description length (MDL) criterion for colored noise, a novel algorithm based on the ratio of MDL criterion function was proposed, but its detection proba-bility is lower for lower signal-to-noise ratio. For this question, the arithmetic mean of the sample eigenvalues was replace with the ratio of sum of sample eigenvalue square to that of the sample eigen?values to modify MDL criterion function. The modified algorithm can increase the difference between MDL function value associated with the source number and that with non-source number and improve estimating performance of the ratio of MDL criterion function under low signal-to-noise ratio. The pro?posed algorithms were evaluated m various conditions by using simulated and measured experimental data. The results of the experimental demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed algo?rithms.

Built-in Test Diagnosis Strategy Design for Fault-tolerant System Based on Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis

ZHANG Chao¹, MA Cun-bao¹, SONG Dong¹,XU Jia-dong²

2008, 29(5):  602-607.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.021

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Complex aerospace and spaceflight system has dynamic and stochastic faults because of the wide use of various fault-tolerance technologies, the conventional fault diagnosis strategy design meth?ods based on static failure mechanism is inappropriate to its built-in test (BIT) design. In order to solve this problem, a new method for designing BIT fault diagnosis strategy for fault-tolerant systems, considering reliability and testing costs, was proposed based on dynamic fault tree model. The costs and diagnostic importance factor (CDIF) was introduced to evaluate the influences of the test costs on the BIT diagnosis, and individual sub fault tree, binary decision diagram and Markov chain were inte?grated to analyze the dynamic fault tree qualitatively and quantitatively, and consequently, the BIT di?agnostic decision tree is built based on minimal cut set(MCS) /sequence (MCSS) and CDIF. The ap?plication in BIT design of a certain fault-tolerant electronic system demonstrates its engineering practi?cability and validity. The comparison of the fault diagnosis strategy design methods among the pro-posed and two other methods shows that the proposed is better than those based on AO * algorithm and greed algorithm in respects of computational complexity.

Pre-scheduling for Imaging Requests of Earth Observing Satellites Based on Time Ordered Acyclic Directed Graph

WANG Jun¹, CHEN Hui-zhong², ZUO Huai-yu¹，JIN Xiao-shan¹, LI Jun¹, JING Ning¹

2008, 29(5):  608-614.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.022

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The earth observing satellites(EOSs) take shots that are requested by customers. For the re?sources of the EOSs are relatively limited compared to the requests, the conflicting imaging, which can be shot by more than one EOS, should be scheduled in advance to utilize finite imaging resource fully and reasonably and to reduce imaging scheduling time. For this reason, the time ordered directed a- cyclic graph as the model of the pre-scheduling of the EOSs was established. The pre-scheduling algo?rithm, by which the conflicting imaging requests are assigned according to satellite imaging probabili?ty, was proposed on the basis of the above model. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of solving the EOSs imaging scheduling problem and be applied to practical engineering project efficiently.

influence Factors and Energetic Efficiency on Degradation of TNT Wastewater by Electro hydraulic Discharge Plasma

ZHANG Can, ZHOU Cong-zhi, LONG Teng-rui,FANG Zhen-dong, CHEN Lei

2008, 29(5):  615-620.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.023

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Degradation of TNT wastewater by the electro-hydraulic discharge plasma technique was in?vestigated .The results show that with the improvement of TNT initial concentration, the degradation rate decreases, the absolute degradation quantity increases; the acid condition and the high water tem?perature promote the improvement oi 丄'NT degradation rate; adding NazCC^ in the electro-hydraulic discharge plasma decreases the degradation rate of TNT obviously; TNT degradation reaction by the electro-hydraulic discharge plasma follows appearance first order kinetics, and the energy of activation is 14.5 kj/mol; under the condition of discharge voltage 36 kV, electrode-distance 6 mm, water tem?perature 20 0C，the TNF initial concentration 50 mg/L, simulated TNT wastewater volume 7 L，after 300 discharges, TNT degradation rate is 87%，and its concentration decreases to 6.5 mg/L; while the water temperature increases to 50 し,TNT degradation rate improves to 97 %，TNT concentration de?creases to 1.5 mg/L; the energetic efficiency reaches to 6? 56 X 10-2?9? 33 X 10一2 molecule/heV.

Effect of Alternating Temperature on the Spore Sprouting and the Mycelium Growing of the Military Standard Molds

HU Shang-qin

2008, 29(5):  621-624.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.024

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In order to clarify the effect of alternating temperature on the spore sprouting and the mycelium growing of the military standard molds, five kinds of the molds were separately vaccinated in the PDA solid and liquid media by the slide and liquid shake raise methods. The sprouted spore and the grown mycelium were sampled, observed and measured once every 30 min at the alternating tempera?tures of (30 ± 1)°C and (25 ± 1)°C，the humidity of (95 ± 5) %，and compared with those sprouted and grown at constant temperature. Under the condition of the alternating temperature, the experi?mental results show that the mold vitality is improved, the spore dormant state is broken to the advan?tage of the spore sprouting and the mycelium growing; the spore sprouting speed is quicker than that at constant temperature, the required time is shorter by 40?50 min; the mycelium average length is 1.06~l. 13 times as much as that at constant temperature; the mycelium biomass average is 1.08?1.17 times as much as that at constant temperature. The experiment provides a reliable theory basis for adopting the alternating temperature condition in the military standard molds.

Research Notes

Engine Performance Evaluation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

ZHANG Zhi-qiang, XU Bin, HE Yong-ling, LIU Li-fang，WANG Gang

2008, 29(5):  625-628.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.025

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On the basis of analysis of all indices of an engine, the indices of engine general performance and sub-performances were given. The performance evaluation model for a tank engine was built up using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) comprehensive evaluation. An example for practical evalua?tion was given. It provides a new method for correct evaluation of engine performance.

Analytic Extension on the Approximation Function of Firing Tables

ZHANG Xian-chun, GUO Zhi

2008, 29(5):  629-632.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.026

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A new method of analytic extension for the approximation function of firing tables out of the firing table ’ s valid iiring area was put forward. It provides the smooth and steady tracing strategy out of the valid firing distance for the gun. And it assures the first firing point of locating at the boundary of the valid firing area, which wins the maximum firing time especially for the rapid target. The ana?lyzed and calculated result by the practical example proves the validity and feasibility of the method.

Simulation Research on Ahead-time of Laser-Angle-Cheating Jamming Signal

TONG Zhong-cheng

2008, 29(5):  633-636.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.027

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The laser-angle-cheating jam is valid if the seeker of laser-guiding-weapon mistakes the jam?ming signal for the laser-guiaing-signal and the ahead-time between the jamming signal and the laser- guiding-signal affects the jamming efficiency of laser-angle-cheating jam. The relation between the a- head-time and the probability of jamming signal which is in the wave-door of laser seeker and is ahead of the laser-guiding-signal was calculated by the photoelectric jamming simulation system of the laser guided weapon. On the base of the simulation software of laser guiding weapon trajectory, the best a- head-time was researched. The result indicates that if the ahead-time is less than I % of time width of wave-door, the laser-angle-cheating jam is valid.

Evadable Optimization Model and Survival Probability Analysis of Warship with Rocket Assist Acoustic Decoy Countering Torpedo

JIA Yue, SONG Bao-wei, LIANG Qing-wei

2008, 29(5):  637-640.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2008.05.028

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The evadaole maneuvering model of the surface warship with the rocket assist acoustic decoy countering the acoustic homing torpedo and the optimal fire parameter model of the decoy were built up based on nonlinear programming theory. The survival probability of the warship was simulated and an?alyzed by the models. Some conclusions of launching the decoy were drawn, which can solve the evad- able problem of the warship with the decoy countering the torpedo and have important meaning to pro?moting the employ of the equipment and improving the survival probability of the warship.