Table of Content

28 February 2009, Volume 30 Issue 2

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Paper

Short Range Target Characteristic of Fuze in Pseudo-noise Pulse System

HONG Tao, LIU Lin, CHEN Hai-bo，LIU Yan

2009, 30(2):  129-133.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.001

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The echo signal power’s variation of a near-zone target was analyzed by near-field distribut?ing algorithm for the pseudo-noise pulsed fuze system. Considering the power loss caused by the mis-match of transmit-receive switch, the theoretical results of fuze-receiver ’ s sensitivity characteristic were obtained. A near-distance target was simulated by RF simulation technology, in which the fuze’ s emission signal is delayed with nber-delay-line for whole coding period. This simulated target was used to verify the sensitivity characteristic of a real fuze-receiver and the conclusion was presented.

Characteristic Research on Runaway Escapement Driven by Two Slide-blocks

HE Guang-lin，HE Qing-zhe

2009, 30(2):  134-139.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.002

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The runaway escapement driven by two slide-blocks was theoretically analyzed, and the op?timum matching law of the escapement parameters was studied by Visual Nastran software. The opti?mum matchings of up slide-block mass vs. down slide-block mass and pull-spring rigidity vs. inertia- spring rigidity were tested by orthogonal method and simulated. The simulated ana tested results show that the escapement can effectively differentiate missile ’ s overloading from disturbing force caused by environment at service handling; avoid broken tooth problem of the escapement in recoil arming device driven by single mass block; have the optimum ratio of 7.96 between down slide-block mass and up slide-block mass, that of 2.75 between pull-spring rigidity and inertia-spring rigidity, under which the displacement and velocity responses are the least in impact and vibration test.

Optimal Design of Strip Line BPF in Millimeter Wave on Low- temperature Cofired Ceramic

LI Cheng-guo, MU Shan-xiang, ZHANG Zhong-chuan

2009, 30(2):  140-143.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.003

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A low-loss fully embedded bandpass filter (BPF) with enhanced stopband characteristics was designed by low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCX^ technology. rThe folded parallel-coupled niters in edge-coupled strip line with miniaturization form were proposed. To resolve right corner analysis and design of folded coupled strip line, an opetimal design method was put forward by combining neu?ral network with genetic algorithm. The location and number of grounded via were optimized by HF- Sb, to improve transmission characteristics of the filter. The measured insertion loss is less than 0. I dB at a center frequency, and the reflection loss is less than 26 dB. Dimension of the niter is 2.3 mm X 2.3 mmX 0.41 mm, wmch realizes design of the filter with miniaturization.

Application of Sub-band Spectral Centroid Features to Recognizing Underwater Targets

WANG Na, CHEN Ke-an

2009, 30(2):  144-149.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.004

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Timbre is third attribute of subjective experience for a sound stimulus beside loudness and tone which distinguishes two sounds of equal loudness and tone. Timbre is hardly given by a value but described by physical parameters in a multidimensional space. The spectral centroid characters and their application to recognizing targets were studied. The spectral centroid, as one of physical parame?ters in timbre space, reflects sound frequency mean based on spectral energy distribution and is deter-mined by several formant magnitudes and corresponding frequencies, that is found by studying spectral centroids of different music instrument sounds. The spectral centroia can reflect the area of sample en?ergy concentration and recognize targets, but the recognized probability of one kind of underwater tar?gets is lower in recognizing their steady-state sound singnals. A method of analyzing frequency bands dynamically based on spectral centroid was proposed by multidimensional sub-band spectral centroid to improve the target recognizing probabilities effectively.

A New Method Used Area Infrared Focal Plance Array Detector for Omnidirectional Searching and Tracking

GUAN Zhi-qiang, CHEN Qian, GU Guohua,QIAN Wei-xian, HU Yong-sheng

2009, 30(2):  150-155.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.005

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The infrared search and track (IRST) system based on the area infrared focal plane array (AFPA) detector proposed in the paper has simple structure, lower cost and the same functions of au-tonomous search, track and confirming threat target as compared with that based on the linear infrared focal plane array(LFPA) detector. The feasibility of using AFPA in omnidirectional infrared warning system was demonstrated; based on the demonstration, the point scattering function (PSF) of degra?dation model images blurred by AFPAs，rotations was presented; the train of thought of processing the target detection algorithm was demonstrated and the advantage of using the AFPA detector was ana?lyzed .The experiment results show that as compared with the IRST system based on the LFPA detec?tor, that based on the AFPA detector has equal detection distance, can detect the target within in?frared image with SNR higher than 2 and is better than the former in processing the background clut?ter.

Traceability Dynamic Calibration of Temperature Sensor Based on CO2 Laser

HAO Xiaojian, LI Ke-jie, LIU Jian,ZHOU Han-chang, HUANG Liang

2009, 30(2):  156-159.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.006

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A new method of dynamically calibrating temperature sensor to be checked was presented by a dynamic calibration system, which takes a high frequency modulated high power C〇2 laser as heat source and makes radiation thermometer, i.e. infrared detector, calibrated statically. For frequency- response characteristic of high speed radiation thermometer surpasses that of the temperature sensor, it can be used as the reference value to calibrate the latter and let the system error be corrected, to avoid the errors caused by the difference environment of installed sensor and the change of thermo- physical property and solve the difficult problem of traceable dynamic calibration of temperature sensor. CHAL- 010 thermocouple made in U.S. OMEGA Co. was calibrated dynamically by the method wmch has better repeatability to obtain its time constant and corrected value of dynamic temperature measuring error.

Detection of Long-distance Object Based on MVDR for Wideband Underwater Passive Acoustic Home Guide System

YOU Hong, HUANG Jian-guo

2009, 30(2):  160-164.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.007

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The detection of long distance object is a important technical area for passive home guide system in underwater vehicle. The detection method of long-distance object was proposed by minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beam forming, based on sub-bana decomposition, to detect spatial energy distribution accurately. On the basis of the method, the detecting stability was improved by auto-correlation matrix smoothing in every sub-band. It uses auto-correlation matrix smoothing in every sub-band to improve the stability of detection. It can improve the detection performance under low SNR condition as compared with conventional narrowband or wideband beam forming methods without auto-correlation matrix smoothing. Computer simulation and authentication in lake show it is hopeful in engineering applications.

A Fast Classification Method for Hyperspectral Imagery Based on SOFM Neural Network

CHEN De-rong, TAO Peng, GONG Jiu-lu, FAN Ning-jun

2009, 30(2):  165-169.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.008

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Rapid and accurate classification of hyperspectrai images is a key technology in remote sens?ing image processing. The concept of region feature spectrum (RFS) was presented and RFS was ex-tracted from hyperspectrai image by the neighborhood clustering method. A fast classification method for hyperspectrai image was proposed by taKing RFS as input of self organizing feature mapping (SOtM), whicn can reduce training samples of neural network and suopress noise by RFS instead of single pixel spectrum. The simulated results of image data from the spectropholometer of type AVIRIS show that the classification accuracy of the RFS-SOFM is higher than those of the SOFM neural net-work and K-means, the corresponding computation cost increases by 63.6 percent compared with that of the K-means and decreases by 94.1 percent compared with that of tne SOFM.

Research on Attitude Optimization Algorithm of Projectile at AU Accelerometers' Installation Errors Based on GFIMU

CAO Yong-hong, ZHANG Hui, FAN Jin-biao, MA Tie-hua，ZU Jing

2009, 30(2):  170-174.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.009

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A method of solving the angular speed and attitude angular of high spinning projectile was proposed by accelerometers’ specific force signal in existence of installation errors. A twelve-accelerom?eter configuration was designed, the mathematical model of solving angular speed was established in existence of the installation errors, the algorithm precision was researched by the damping Gauss-New?ton method of nonlinear least squares. The simulated result indicates that the method can suppress in?stallation errors effectively, has high precision and engineering application value.

Design of Gyro Platform Used for Inertial Navigation and Line of Sight Stabilization

HAN Yong-gen

2009, 30(2):  175-179.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.010

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The difference of stabilization loops between inertial navigation system and line of sight (LOS) stabilized system were proposed. With the application in a radar/inertial middle guided and in?frared end guided missile, a three axis gyro platform used for inertial navigation and LOS stabilization was designed, on which inertia measuring unit infrared detector are mounled. A P II ^ controller with pre-filter was designed by rate gero feedback and pole placement to make the platform have larger pre?cession rate and steady angle of zero static difference. The platform performance was verified by a real experiment. The verified results show that the platform can satisfy simultaneously the requirements of inertial navigation system and LOS stabilized one.

Nonlinear Characteristic Analysis of Hysteresis Loop for Giant Magnetostrictive Materials

YUAN Hui-qun, SUN Hua-gang

2009, 30(2):  180-184.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.011

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Based on the analysis on the inner equivalent magnetic field distribution model of the giant magnetostrictive materials, considering the inner magnetic field characteristic, the nonlinearity hys-teresis model was established by introducing eddy current in the time varying magnetic field into J iles- Atherton model and amending it, ana its analytic expression was deduced. The effect of the material on the nonlinearity hysteresis characteristic was discussed by numerical simulation and compared with the experiment in reference [21]. The simulated results indicate that the material inner magnetic hys?teresis characteristic is affected by the frequency of the magnetic field, and closely related with the ma?terial inner magnetic distribution; considering the material inner magnetic field characteristic, the non- linearity hysteresis model has a better consistency with the experiment results in reference; when con?sidering material inner magnetic field distribution, tfie maximum of material magnetic hysteresis curve declines distinctly, and its shape also change.

Quantitative Evaluation on the BraKing Stability of the Composite Braking System Composed of a Retarder and a Service-brake System

ZHAO Guo-zhu, WEI Min-xiang

2009, 30(2):  185-189.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.012

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To quantify the effect of retarder on the braking stability of automobiles, an adhesion coeffi?cient model was built for the composite braking system composed of a retarder and a service-brake sys-tem. The stability of the composite braking jointly provided by the retarder and the service-brake sys?tem was evaluated by the model and the standard of ECE Rl3. The. evaluated results show that the composite braking stability decreases gradually with the increase of the braking force from the re?tarder ;To improve composite braking stability, the braking power distribution coefncient of the ser?vice-brake system was adjusted by the position relationship among the braking power distribution line of the service-brake system, the generalized braking force distribution line and the generalized I curve, and the constraints from ECE Rl 3. Simulation results show that the composite braking stability is im?proved significantly.

Optimization Study of McPherson Strut and Steering Mechanism Based on R-W Theory

BIAN Xue-liang, WANG Zhi-qiang

2009, 30(2):  190-195.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.013

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With the R-W (Roberson R E and Wittenburg J) method of Dynamics of Multi-body Sys?tems, the motion equation of McPherson strut and steering mechanism for wheeled vehicle was estab- nsned, systematic incidence matrix, route matrix, body hinge vector matrix and system restraint equa?tion were derived as well. Taking the McPherson strut and the steering mechanism as an integrated kinematics system, its optimization model was established. To obtain the best optimization effect, a continuous weight function was founded according to steering system performance requirement, and optimization design based on the TJ7136U McPherson strut and the steering mechanism was made.

Magnetic Pield Modelling of Shipbome Moving Equipment

GUO Cheng-bao，LIU Da-ming, XlAO Chang-han，YU Wei-qiao, ZHANG An-ming

2009, 30(2):  196-200.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.014

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The magnetism of shipborne equipments is the main source of magnetic signature of mine countermeasures vessels. The magnetic fields of shipborne static equipments can be compensated with degaussing coils, but that of shipborne moving equipments, e. g. shipborne crane, need to evaluate based on varying position and pose. Taking a fictitious shipborne crane composed of ferromagnetic thin steel sheets with different shapes and thicknesses, its induced magnetic field distribution in operational and stowed positions under the action of geomagnetic fields was calculated by the integral equation method in the case of sheet. The calculated results indicate that, the peak values and the change values of magnetic fields of shipborne crane are important which contributions to the magnetic signatures of whole ship are not ignorable; it is difficult to compensate the magnetic fields by means of the shipoorne degaussing coils, consequently shipborne crane should be made up of low magnetic materials.

Research on the Application of Multi- frequency Pulse Ranging Technology in Fuze

YANG Jian-wei, CHEN Xiao-lu, YANG Jun,WANG Yue-ke

2009, 30(2):  201-204.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.015

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A ranging algorithm of multi-frequency pulse ranging applied in the long stand-off distance fuze was proposed. The multi-frequency pulse ranging model was set up. A multi-frequency pulse ranging algorithm based on phase comparison was proposed, its parameter selecting method was given and its performance was analyzed in theory; the ranging algorithm was simulated in software. Ihe simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.

Research on Braking Force Distribution of Regenerative Braking System of Car

HE Ren, CHEN Qing-zhang

2009, 30(2):  205-208.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.016

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A braking force distribution control method of auto regenerative braking system was investi?gated, and a braking force distribution control strategy of anti- rear- wheel-first-lock based on ABS was proposed. The relevant strategy model of front and rear wheel braKmg force distribution of regenera?tive system was set up, simulation of the model was carried out, and the method of control was vali?dated on the test bench. The validated results indicate that the braking force distribution control strat?egy can assure good braking performance, and increase the motor brake rate during braking, to im?prove the reclaiming ratio of braking energy.

Assessment of Virtual camouflage Scene Reality

ZHANG Yong, WU Wen-jian, LIU Zhi-ming

2009, 30(2):  209-212.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.017

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The virtual camouflage scene reality is the key of assessing camouflage effectiveness. The virtual camouflage scene reality was evaluated by psychophysical method, and the distribution and rela?tivity of different judgers’ assessment results were analyzed and compared systematically. Among these judgers, there were 18 postgraduate students majoring in camouflage, 27 undergraduates majoring in chemistry and 35 undergraduates majoring in medicine. Photographs of virtual camouflage scenes were synthesized by Vue and Python, containing woodland, desert, grassland, snow, water and so on. Sta?tistical analyses of the judgments lead to four main conclusions ： the virtual camouflage scene reality can be evaluated by psychophysical method, using photographs as the media that represent the real camou?flage scene; the assessment results basea on different judgers are distributed normally, and have an ac?ceptable level of coincidence; significant differences can be found between the best samples and the worst samples selected by different evaluating groups; the virtual camouflage scene based on Vue and Python is real enough for assessment of camouflage effectiveness.

Study of Output Feedback Variable Structure control in Torpedo Attitude System

CHEN Ye, WANG De-shi, DONG You-Iiang

2009, 30(2):  213-216.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.018

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For the control model with unmatched uncertainties and disturbance, the two sub-systems of inner states and switching variable were established by state transforming. The variable structure slid- ing-mode control rules were designed by choosing appropriate switching function and utilizing incom?plete state variable as output feedback. It was proved by Lyapunov stability theorem that the designed control rules can assure state trace reachability to sliding-mode surface and sliding-mode surface stabili?ty, under the condition that the state model of torpedo attitude control system has unmatched uncer?tainties and outer disturbances, and its input matrix has also uncertainties. The chattering of con?trolled amotint was eliminated by improving switched control amount. Taking the longitudinal attitude control model of a certain torpedo, simplified by small disturbance principle, as an example, the simu?lated. results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

The Optimization Design of Exploding Foil Bridge Shape

QIAN Yong, CHU En-yi, XIE Gao-di,REN Xi, SONG Chen, DOU Chun-ya

2009, 30(2):  217-220.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.019

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In order to improve availability of the energy in exploding foil initiator(EFI), the exploding foil bridge shape, which is main influence factor on it, was studied. The burst currents of three kinds of bridge foils with different shapes were measured, and the sensitivity of initiation charge made from hexanitrostilbene-IV (HNS-IV) was tested by slappers. The tested results show that, for the rouna shape bridge foil, the burst current density is maximum, the initiating voltage at 50 % firing probabili?ty of HNS-IV is minimum, the availability of energy is improved further and the iirmg energy is re?duced .

Short Papers

The Hilbert Transform Based on the FRFT

LI Xue-mei, TAO Ran, LI Bing-zhao

2009, 30(2):  221-225.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.020

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One of the important properties of the analytic signal is to reconstruct the real signal from its analytic version, which is an unresolved problem in the published papers about the Hilbert transform (HT) based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) . The definition and properties of a HT and analytic signal based on the FRFT were proposed, which are connected with the convolution and prod?uct theorem for the FRFT, the theoretic analysis and deducing were given. The analytic version con?tains no negative spectrum while maintaining the essential information of the real signal. The simulated result shows that the theory can enhance the security of the single-sideb and communication、SSB) system and improve the encryption for the real image. The theory is the generalization of the HT based on the FRFT.

Direct-Path Signal Obtaining to Digital Video Broadcasting Transmitter Radar Based on the Spatial Filtering

WU Hai-zhou, TAO Ran, SHANTao

2009, 30(2):  226-230.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.021

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The direct-path signal obtaining is important to system performance in passive radar based on digital video broadcasting illuminator. It was proposed that direction of arrival wave (DOA) is esti?mated, then spatial filtering is performed, to suppress interference brought by the multiple-transmit?ter. For DuA estimation, the forward or forward-backward spatial smoothing techniques were adopted to solve coherent signals. For spatial nltering, the ordinary broad null algorithm was extended into forming multiple broad nulls and flexible beam pointing according to the character of the passive radar. In addition, the complexity of the arithmetic can be simplified for real-time realization as the uniform linear array is used. The simulated results snow that the algorithm can better suppress interference brought by the multiple-transmitter.

slide Bandwidh Kernel Uensity Estimation Algorithm Based on Estimate Point

YU Chuan-qiang, GUO Xiao-song, ZHANG An, WU Hai-cheng

2009, 30(2):  231-235.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.022

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Taking aim at that the bandwidth of the kernel density estimate is difficult to choose, a slide variable bandwidth kernel density estimation algorithm based on estimate point was proposed. The op?timum bandwidth at every estimate point in the estimate interval was solved by the kernel density esti?mation function obtained with fixed bandwidth instead of the hypothetic normal one to adjust the bandwidth value automatically according to the sample distribution. The detailed deducing process, re?alizing steps and contrast experiments of the algorithm were put forward. The results show that the new algorithm has better precision and gliding property of kernel density estimate than that of the fixed bandwidth algorithm.

Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Control for a Class of Nonlinear Time-delay Systems

GUO Tao, ZHANG Jun-ying

2009, 30(2):  236-240.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.023

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The design scheme of an adaptive fuzzy tracking controller was proposed for a class of non?linear time-delay systems with unknown functions. Based on Backstepping design technique, nonlinear unknown functions were approximated by fuzzy logic systems and the adaptive bounding technique was employed to estimate the upper bound of the approximation errors. Constructing appropriate Lya?punov-KrasovsKii functional and Domination technique were combined to compensate for the influence of nonlinear delay items on the system. The closed-loop systems were proven to be semi-globally uni?formly ultimately bounded, and the arbitrary output tracking accuracy was guaranteed by tuning the design parameters. The simulated results with a real example show the feasibility of the scheme.

Research Notes

Design and Calculation of Cooling System of Electric Drive Tracked Vehicle

WANG Yi-chun, WANG Fa-cheng, XUE Ying,SUN Xiao-xia, YANG Ying-jun

2009, 30(2):  241-246.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.024

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Based on different operation temperatures of the mechanical and electronic components in an electric drive tracked vehicle, the cooling system whicn has high and low temperature double-circula- tion loops was designed. And the douole circulation loops work separately, of which the high tempera?ture circulation loop is for mechanical components and the low temperature circulation loop is for elec?tronic components. The following calculations are carried out： the peak radiating heat amount in the high and low temperature circulation loops; the windward area; the air flowing amount; the cooling water flowing amount; the radiating heat area of the radiator in the case of the usual operating condi?tion and the maximum heat load one. The calculation results were matched with the performance ex?perimental data of the selected fan and water-pump. The results indicate that the cooling scheme with the high and low temperatures double- circulation loops in the electric drive tracked venicle is feasible and satisfies the radiating heat requirement under different driving cycles.

An Optimization Model for Inventory Spares Under Multi- constraints and Its Decomposition Algorithm

WANG Nai-chao, KANG Rui

2009, 30(2):  247-251.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.025

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An optimization problem of inventory spares under multi-constraints was studied. Its opti?mization model was set up and an optimization algorithm was presented. It is the steps to find the opti?mal solution of original problem that tJie constraints of inventory spares are relaxed by the Lagrange re?laxation to make sub-problem only be optimal problem of inventory capacity function of single product; the Lagrange multiplier is updated by the sub-gradient method and the optimal solution of each sub?problem is obtained by the line search; the final solution of original problem is obtained by the La?grange heuristic method. The proposed method can provide a new way for solving optimization problem of inventory spares under multi-constraints.

An Optimal Method on Dynamic Maintenance Task Scheduling with Subject Taken into Account

WANG Zheng-yuan, YAN Xiaoqin, ZHU Yu,SONG Jian-she

2009, 30(2):  252-256.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2009.02.026

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As the task of battlefield urgent repair is very heavy at wartime, the usability of armaments may be greatly improved by valid task scheduling. In order to recover the battle effectiveness of units in battlefield as fast as possible, dynamic maintenance scheduling models with maintenance subject tak?en into account were built up on the basis of analysing the feature of maintenance task. Maintenance task scheduling problem is very complicated, so it was decomposed into static maintenance task scheduling problem and dynamic maintenance task scheduling problem with maintenance subject taken into account; corresponding mathematic models were built to these sub-problems and their solutions were proposed. On the basis of static maintenance task scheduling, dynamic task scheduling with the task changing in battlefield was realized by repeatedly calling static maintenance task scheduling with maintenance subject taken into account. The experimented results show that dynamic maintenance task scheduling method with maintenance subject taken into account is valid.