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Table of Content

    01 June 2013, Volume 34 Issue 6
    Research on the Wind Cooling Heat Dissipation Performance of Electric Vehicle
    XU Xiao-ming, HE Ren
    2013, 34(6):  657-663.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.001
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    The influence of different operating condition and battery position on the wind cooling heat dissipation performance of electric vehicle running on highway is researched. The results show that the thermal power of battery increases with the decrease in environmental temperature and increases with increase in the charge and discharge rates; the heat dissipation performance of natural wind cooling of power cabin in electric vehicle is improved with the increase in vehicle speed and the environmental temperature and the decrease in charge and discharge rates; the heat dissipation performance of natural wind cooling of power cabin in electric vehicle is improved and then decreased with the increase in distance between battery and power cabin, and the distance of 230 mm meets the best heat dissipation performance.

    Study of the Fuel Temperature Influence on an Electronic Unit Pump Turbocharged Diesel Engine Performance
    WU Zi-jun, DU Wei, LIU Fu-shui, SUN Wei-hua
    2013, 34(6):  664-668.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.002
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    The effect of fuel temperature on diesel engine performance is studied by the way of experiments on an electronic unit pump turbocharged diesel engine, so as to provide the basis of revision for the control of electric system parameters. The experimental results indicate that the injecting pressure of diesel engine and injected fuel mass can linearly reduce, along with the increase of the fuel temperature. At the same time, the max combustion pressure linearly reduces,main combustion period in the cylinder can linearly increase. At last, the effective power and exhaust temperature and intake pressure can linearly reduce. The effective rate of fuel consumption can linearly increase.

    Experiment and Numerical Simulation for Interaction of Twin Gas Jets and Bulk-loaded Liquid Charge
    XUE Xiao-chun, YU Yong-gang, ZHANG Qi
    2013, 34(6):  669-677.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.003
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    The five-stage cylindrical stepped-wall observation chamber and cylindrical observation chamber are designed to explore the control method of interior ballistic stability of bulk-loaded liquid propellent gun(BLPG). The propagating process of twin gas jets in liquid medium is experimentally studied. The experimental data indicates that the stepped-wall structures can restrain the positive feedback mechanism of the Taylor cavity and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Based on the experiment, a three-dimensional mathematical model is established. The expansion process of twin gas jet in liquid medium in different observation chambers is simulated. The distribution maps of density, pressure and temperature were obtained. The simulated results show that, in the cylindrical stepped-wall observation chamber, the effect of turbulent mixing of gas-liquid along the radial direction is enhanced and the axial turbulent intensity is suppressed due to the induction of steps, and the outlines of twin jets are smooth relatively. The simulated results of axial displacements of twin gas jets in liquid coincide well with the experiment data.

    Interior Ballistics Simulation of Modular Propellant Charge Using an Improved Two-phase Flow Model
    MA Chang-jun, ZHANG Xiao-bing
    2013, 34(6):  678-683.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.004
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    An improved two-phase flow model is established to simulate the interior ballistic characteristics of modular propellant charge. In this model, the constraint of the walls of modules on gas flow is taken into account. The rupture rule of combustible case and the flame spreading between different modules are also considered in the improved model. This model turned out to be reliable by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. It can be used to predict the development of pressure waves and to diagnose the interior ballistic performance of modular propellant charge systems. The simulation results show that the flame spreads slower because the gas is constrained by the bottom walls of the center-tube. The combustible cases are ruptured in sequence, the time when the combustible cases begin to rupture until all the cases rupture is affected by the strength of the modular case and the ignition core.

    Technical Route and Typical Design Reliability Analysis of Fuze Self-neutralisation and Self-deactivating of Cluster Sub-munitions
    QIN Dong-ze,FAN Ning-jun
    2013, 34(6):  684-689.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.005
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    The technical route of fuze self-neutralisation and self-deactivating of cluster submunitions is analyzed,and the self-neutralisation routes of two kinds of cluster submunition fuze are introduced. A reliability model of cluster submunition fuze is established,and the reliability of all the modules in the fuze is figured out using the experiment results, and the comprehensive firing rate and self-neutralisation rate are simulated using Monte Carlo method. The experiment and simulation results indicate that the reliability of fuze self-damage/ self-neutralisation module is higher than that of firing device. Also, the fuze comprehensive firing rate of sub-munitions launched by multiple launch rocket system(MLRS) is difficult to achieve 99%. Besides, self-neutralisation device is auto-checked.

    Preparation of Zirconium/ Copper Gallate and Its Effect on Combustion of Double-base and RDX-CMDB Propellants
    ZHANG Heng, AN Ting, ZHAO Feng-qi, ZHANG Xiao-hong, YI Jian-hua, XU Si-yu
    2013, 34(6):  690-697.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.006
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    Zirconium gallate (Gal-Zr) zirconium/ copper gallate (Gal-ZrCu) were synthesized firstly by using gallic acid, zirconyl nitrate and copper nitrate as raw materials, and was characterized by elementary analysis, X-ray fluorescence diffraction ( XRF ), Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR ) spectroscopy and TG-DTG technique. The sample of propellants containing Gal-Zr and Gal-ZrCu were prepared by extrusion technology, and the effects of Gal-Zr and Gal-ZrCu on combustion properties of DB/ CMDB propellants were investigated. The results show that Gal-Zr and Gal-ZrCu are excellent and environmental-friendly catalysts, and they possess good catalytic effect on combustion of DB propellant. However, the results indicate that Gal-Zr or Gal-ZrCu is not ideal.

    Experimental Research on the Compressive Properties of Modified Double Base Propellant at Low and High Strain Rates
    SUN Chao-xiang, JU Yu-tao, ZHENG Jian, ZHENG Ya, ZHANG Jun-fa
    2013, 34(6):  698-703.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.007
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    The compressive experiments from low to high strain rates have been performed on the material test machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)apparatus at room temperature of 20 益. The availability of SHPB experimental data is examined, and the true stress-strain curves are obtained in the strain rate range from 1. 1 伊10 -4 s-1 to 4 伊103 s-1. The results show that the modified double base propellant behaves significant strain rate dependence. At low strain rate, the true stress-strain curves show initial elastic stage, yield and strain strengthening stage, and descend stage, in which the specimen fractures along the slope of 45毅~ 55毅, and the failure stress and failure strain increase with the strain rate. At high strain rate, the true stress-strain curve shows the effect of strain softening instead of strain strengthening. The initial modulus of elasticity and yield stress of modified double base propellant increases with the strain rate, what爷s more, they increase substantially at high strain rates compared with those in quasi-static. The relationship between yield strength and logarithm of strain rate is bilinear, which shows more strain rate sensitiveness at high strain rate than at low strain rate.

    Research on Track Initiation Based on the Hough Transform and Morphology
    LU Chuan-guo,FENG Xin-xi,KONG Yun-bo,ZENG Rong,LIU Zhao
    2013, 34(6):  704-710.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.008
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    The radar data of multi-period is regarded as binary image by the gaining enlightenment from the man-made track initiation method. A track initiation algorithm is proposed based on the Hough transform and dilation on morphology to improve the efficiency of track initiation methods under heavy- clutter environment. Firstly a pre-processing method is proposed to filter the image and to delete the false alarm point based on the association gate formed by the maximum velocity and the radar scan period. An approximate method is proposed to describe the distribution of the target position by analyzing the effect of measurement error on target position. And then the structural element is formed to dilate the binary image so as to emphasize the linear characteristic of the true tracks. Hough transform is used to detect the lines on the binary image. The simulation experiment presents the output of each step,and the results show the efficiency of the proposed pre-processing method and the initiation algorithm.

    Design of Micro-electromechanical Systems Inertial Measurement Unit Structure for Guided Ammunition
    LI Jie, LIU Jun
    2013, 34(6):  711-717.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.009
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    A miniature embedded and holistic and anti-high-overload structure of micro inertial measurement unit in which micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) based inertial sensor is used is proposed for the environment features of small installing volume and high-g launching overload of the guided ammunition. Based on the analysis of design principle and requirements MEMS inertial measurement unit(MEMS-IMU) structure, the structure of MEMS-IMU is designed and manufactured, and its actual MEMS-IMU is built. The volume and weight of MEMS-IMU are reduced by making reasonably use of its installing space, and its anti-high overload performance is evidently improved by using one-off embedded design and process technique, and the special filling material and techniques. The results of the finite element model analysis show that this structure has the good dynamic performance, and the results of the land and gunshot experiments also show that it can meet the requirements of the guided ammunition in volume and anti-high overload.

    A Numerical Investigation of Magnus Effect for High-speed Spinning Projectile
    LEI Juan-mian, LI Tian-tian, HUANG Can
    2013, 34(6):  718-725.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.010
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    Based on the 3-dimensional N-S equations, simulation of flow field over a high-speed spinning projectile was carried out to investigate the generated mechanism of Magnus effect. Spinning was implemented through sliding mesh method. The Magnus force and moment coefficients variation with angle of attack were presented. The computation results have a good agreement with the experimental date. The generated mechanism of Magnus effect were analyzed by the flow field structure. The results show that asymmetric distortion of circumferential surface pressure and shear stress distribution, boundary layer distortion, distortional eddy generated at high angle of attack are the fundamental reasons for Magnus effect. Boat-tail has a great influence on the Magnus force and moment.

    Two-parameter Adjustable Underwater Acoustic Channel Equalization Algorithm
    LI Fang-lan, ZHOU Yue-hai, TONG Feng
    2013, 34(6):  726-731.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.011
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    The shallow water acoustic channel is characterized as a complex time, space and frequency- variant channel with several negative factors, e. g. narrow band, high ambient noise, multipath distortion and polytropic multipath time delay which pose serious difficulty for the underwater acoustic communication. A novel two-parameter adjustable least mean square (LMS) equalization algorithm is presented based on the classic parallel filter banks LMS (PFB-LMS) algorithm. The new algorithm enables hybrid adjustment of step-size and tap-length so that the sensitivity of step-size and tap-length parameter selections is alleviated. Simulation results show that the new algorithm outperforms the traditional LMS and PFB-LMS algorithms in parameter robustness under time varying channels.

    Impact of Mesh Stiffness on Dynamic Load Characteristics of Herringbone Planet Train
    ZHU Zeng-bao, ZHU Ru-peng, LI Ying-sheng, DAI Guang-hao, ZHU Zhen-rong
    2013, 34(6):  732-738.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.012
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    A dynamics model of herringbone planet train with double teeth coupling is established based on the vibration theory of the concentrated parameter. The mesh stiffness formula of the helical gear is introduced to calculate the time-varying mesh stiffness of the herringbone teeth in the way of stiffness parallel of two helical gears. The relationship curves between the mesh stiffness of the internal and external meshes and the dynamic load coefficients of the internal and external meshes are obtained by solving the dynamic equation, and the impact of the mesh stiffness of the internal and external meshes on the dynamics load characteristics of the train is analyzed. The research results show that the dynamic load coefficients of the internal and external meshes increase with the average components of the mesh stiffness of internal and external meshes without regard to the resonance, respectively. The impact of the alternate component of the mesh stiffness of the internal and external meshes on the dynamic load coefficients is much less. Because of smooth operation and small vibration of the herringbone tooth, it is feasible that the average component of the mesh stiffness represents the mesh stiffness for the calculation of dynamic load coefficient of herringbone planetary train, when the required accuracy is not too high.

    Online Parameter Identification and Sliding Mode Observation of Back-electromotive Force of Brushless Direct Current Motors
    SHI Ting-na,ZHANG Qian,XIAO You-wen,XIA Chang-liang
    2013, 34(6):  739-747.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.013
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    The performance of the traditional sliding mode observer (SMO) depends on the accurate mathematical model of the motor; consequently the deviation values of stator resistance and inductance generated during operation impact the observation. The effects of their deviation values on the observed result are analyzed. Then, Lyapunov stability theory is employed to design a novel adaptive SMO by which the observation of linear back-electromotive force of a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) is achieved and the online identification of the stator resistance and inductance is implemented simultaneously. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be used to mitigate the impact of parameter error on the observer performance to some extent and estimate the stator resistance and inductance.

    Research on Flow-field Characteristics of Gap Multiphase Flow and Experiment of Electrochemical Machining of Spiral Deep Small Hole
    WANG Ming-huan, LIU Wang-sheng, PENG Wei
    2013, 34(6):  748-753.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.014
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    For the difficult prediction and control of the forming size during electrochemical machining (ECM), the three-dimensional simulation and verification experiments of the gas-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the inter-electrode gap are performed by using Fluent software with mixture model, extended SIMPLEC algorithm and standard k -着turbulence model. A spiral deep small hole is used as the processing subject in ECM for simulation and experiment. The flow characteristic in the inter- electrode gap is revealed. The results show that the velocity of the mixture in the inter-electrode gap has an important effect on the discharge of the dissolution products. Flow speed decreases and the machining stability becomes worse with the increase in hole depth. The gas volume fraction increases and the electrical conductivity decreases along the direction of the electrolyte flow, resulting in the non-uniform of the machining size of the workpiece. Furthermore, a back pressure on the outlet could reduce the non- uniform. The shape of cathode influences the flow-field characteristics. The ‘dead zone爷, short circuit and spark could be avoided by properly designing the cathode shape.

    Tribological Properties of Self-lubricating Rod End Spherical Plain Bearings
    QIU Ming,LYU Gui-sen, ZHAN Song-hua, LI Ying-chun, CHEN Long
    2013, 34(6):  754-758.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.015
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    The friction coefficients, wear depths and friction temperatures of four kinds of rod end spherical plain bearings with liners at different oscillating frequencies are investigated by using a high oscillating frequency and heavy load tribo-tester. With the help of scanning electron microscope(SEM), the differences of worn surfaces of the four rod end spherical bearings are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the tribological property of bearing with PTFE liner is the best in the four kinds of bearings, followed by the bearing with a nylon liner which its heat conductivity and heat stability are better than the others, and the tribological property of bearing with copper base powder metallurgy liner is worst. At 3 Hz and 16 MPa, the bearing with nylon liner is slightly worn, while the bearing with PTFE liner is slightly spalled and worn, the bearing with bronze liner shows serious abrasive wear and fatigue wear, and the bearing with copper base powder metallurgy liner has adhesive wear on it.

    Experimental Study on Effect of Surface Integrity on High-strength Steel Fatigue Life
    LIU Yan-chen, PANG Si-qin, WANG Xi-bin, XIE Li-jing
    2013, 34(6):  759-764.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.016
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    The effect of the surface integrity on the bending fatigue life of 34CrNiMo6 high-strength steel is investigated using a specimen finished under various cutting conditions through fatigue test. The results show that the effect of residual stress on fatigue life is more pronounced than the effect of surface roughness and work hardening, an increase in compressive residual stress causes an increase in fatigue life. When surface roughness value of Ry is more than 10 滋m, the surface roughness influences the fatigue life significantly. The effect of work hardening on fatigue life is unfavorable. The fatigue life becomes shorter as the surface hardness becomes higher. The fatigue life of high-strength steel can be improved by applying such cutting conditions as low feed rate and small nose radius.

    Research on Oxidation Behavior of End Face of Tool Electrode in Electrochemical Machining of Small Deep Hole
    LI Zhao-long,SUN Shu-fa,LYU Peng-xiang,WEI Dong-bo,DI Shi-chun
    2013, 34(6):  765-769.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.017
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    In the deep hole electrochemical machining of tubular electrode, the main reason of short circuit is oxidation film layer on the end face of electrode. The morphology and composition of the tool electrode end face processed by unidirectional pulse and bidirectional pulse are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),and the formation mechanism of oxide film layer is also analyzed. The results show that the continuous loose oxidation film layer is formed on the end face of tubular electrode by using unidirectional pulse, its compositions are mainly the oxides of C and Si,the main reason of forming oxide film layer is the adsorption effect of tool electrode,using the right proportion of positive and negative pulse can inhibit the forming of oxidation film and the formed oxidation film layer could be removed efficiently, and the stability of electrochemical machining deep holes can be improved apparently.

    Research on the Exciting Control Method for Micromachined Quartz Gyroscope
    XIE Li-qiang,XING Jian-chun,DONG Pei-tao,WU Xue-zhong
    2013, 34(6):  770-775.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.018
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    A drive resonance loop of micromachined quartz gyroscope was designed to generate a drive mode resonance based on phase control technology. A velocity amplitude controller was designed to keep the drive oscillation amplitude invariable by a signal amplitude extraction method. The exciting control system was simulated by Matlab Simulink. The simulation results are in good agreement with the design objectives of the resonance loop and the amplitude control system. A drive circuit was fabricated and tested. The results show that the oscillation frequency of the fabricated drive loop is very close to the drive mode frequency. The amplitude controller makes the drive axis to oscillate rapidly and stabilize in half a second. The amplitude of the drive signal is 85 dB higher than the noise at the resonance frequency.

    Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Its Simulation Based on BP Neural Network
    QI Xiao-hui, LI Jie, HAN Shuai-tao
    2013, 34(6):  776-782.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.019
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    Because the fixed parameters of the extended state observer(ESO) reduce the estimation precision of “total disturbance冶and control effect for the systems which the parameters of the controlled objects change largely and fast or there being serious and uncertain outside disturbance, an adaptive active disturbance rejection controller ( ADRC) based on BP neural network was proposed. The significance of introducing adaptive ESO as well as the structure of ESO was analyzed, then the adaptive ESO which parameters are adjusted online by means of BP neural network was applied to ADRC. Simulations show that the improved ADRC has higher estimation precision, smaller range of controlling quantity, high robustness and anti-interference performance compared with conventional ADRC.

    Comprehensive Review
    Research Progress in Super Thermite Prepared by Arrested Reactive Milling
    ZOU Mei-shuai, DU Xu-jie, LI Xiao-dong, YANG Rong-jie
    2013, 34(6):  783-791.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.020
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    Traditional thermite has high enthalpy of reaction, but its slower energy releasing rate and lower energy transforming efficiency restrict its application fields. The appearance of super thermite, i. e. the metastable intermolecular composite(MIC), resolves this problem successfully. Compared with other preparation methods of MIC, the arrested reactive milling ( ARM) has many apparent advantages. Current progress in MIC prepared by ARM is reviewed. The kinds of MIC formulation up to now are summarized. The influence of processing parameters and ambient conditions on the structure and properties of MIC is analyzed systematically. The limitations of milling model and combustion model about MIC are pointed out. In addition, the future research direction and focus of MIC prepared by ARM are suggested.

    Research Notes
    The Analysis of Phase Function of Underwater Light Transmission
    KONG Jie, ZHANG Bao-min
    2013, 34(6):  792-796.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.021
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    The analytical formal phase function is an important parameter for the simulation research on underwater imaging system. Henyey-Greenstein ( OTHG) phase function, Haltrin phase function and Fournier-Forland(FF)phase function are compared by taking the Petzold phase function as standard. The result shows that FF phase function is the best, Haltrin phase function is better, and OTHG phase function is the worst. The value of (n,滋) must be considered while using FF phase function. Two methods of the choice of (n,滋) are compared, and the result shows that Freda's method is the best method until now.
    Effect of Centroidal Deviation on Measurement of Rotational Inertia of Projectile Body by Torsion Pendulum Method
    ZHANG Xin-ming, ZHENG Ying-jie, CHI Zhan-duo
    2013, 34(6):  797-800.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.06.022
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    The effect of centroidal deviation on rotational inertia measurement is analyzed, and the equations of composite torsion-pendulum which describe the projectile movement rule by considering the effect of centroidal deviation and a calculation method for eliminating the effect of centroidal deviation are presented. The example calculation is conducted. The result shows that the effect of centroidal deviation can not be ignored. Accuracy of the moment of inertia is greatly improved by the method of torsion pendulum which considering the effect of centroidal deviation, the engineering practical value of the torsion pendulum as well as improved.