Evaluation Method of GNSS User-end Anti-jamming Performance Based on Typical Application Scenarios

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0075

Abstract

Abstract:

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)users are often located far away from satellites,making them vulnerable to intentional interference and deception.Ensuring the provision of high-precision navigation positioning,speed measurement,and timing information to GNSS users becomes a primary task in navigation warfare.To enhance the anti-jamming capability of user-ends and promote the development and maturity of their anti-jamming technologies,there is an urgent need for doing research on user-end anti-jamming performance evaluation.The existing studies have mostly focused on single-type indices or specific application scenario when researching user-end anti-jamming algorithms and analyzing their performance,resulting in insufficient research on related evaluation.Therefore,this study sets up typical application scenarios,such as single-antenna anti-jamming,array antenna anti-jamming,inertial navigation-assisted anti-jamming,and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)anti-jamming,and establishes a user-end anti-jamming performance evaluation index system based on multi-application scenario.Furthermore,the method including availability(A),dependability(D)and capability(C)is introduced to improve the limitations of existing models,and a sub-item performance evaluation method for user-end anti-jamming is proposed.Finally,based on fuzzy comprehensive assessment approach and improved combination weighting method that enhances the existing weighted product models,a comprehensive capability assessment method for user-end anti-jamming is proposed.The experimental results show that compared with the existing models,the proposed method is used to realize the serial connection of multiple models in the application scenario,reduce the tracking threshold of receiver to less than 45° and the dynamic measurement error rate to less than 1,and increase the array gain to no more than 36 dB,thereby improving the accuracy of the performance evaluation of the measured equipment and its ability to resist jamming threats.It can effectively assist the upgrade and performance optimization of the equipment in multiple application scenarios.

Key words: global navigation satellite system, satellite navigation countermeasure, user-end anti-jamming ability, evaluation index, performance evaluation method

CLC Number:

WANG Yue, SUN Fuping. Evaluation Method of GNSS User-end Anti-jamming Performance Based on Typical Application Scenarios[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240075-.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 User-end anti-jamming capability evaluation index system

Fig.2 Technical Route of the research on evaluation method of GNSS user-end anti-jamming ability

Table 1 Theoretical thresholds for basic performance indexes C2,1 to C2,12 included in the secondary criterion layer

指标	阈值	权重	权重的等级	综合能力/%
C_2,1	0.652	0.72	2	32.980
C_2,2	0.701	0.66	3
C_2,3	0.824	0.85	1
C_2,4	0.908	0.92	1
C_2,5	0.382	0.59	3	33.193
C_2,6	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,7	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,8	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,9	0.382	0.59	3	33.827
C_2,10	0.264	0.53	3
C_2,11	0.921	0.93	1
C_2,12	0.838	0.91	1

Table 2 Evaluation grade division of the influence degree of index on the first-level criterion layer C1

等级	意义	权重
1	很重要	[1.00,0.83)
2	较重要	[0.83,0.66)
3	重要	[0.66,0.50)
4	一般	[0.50,0.33)
5	意义较小	[0.33,0.16)
6	意义小	[0.16,0)
7	无效	0

Table 3 Evaluation grade division based on the comprehensive anti-jamming capability value relative to the theoretical threshold

等级	意义	权重
1	很强	[1.000,0.498)
2	较强	[0.498,0.396)
3	强	[0.396,0.300)
4	一般	[0.300,0.198)
5	较弱	[0.198,0.096)
6	很弱	[0.096,0)

Fig.3 Simulated results of the relationship between $E_{\mathrm{P}, k}$and$\theta_{i}^{k}$,$k_{\mathrm{sat}}$

Fig.4 Simulation results of the relationship between γ and uEIF

Fig.5 Simulated results of the relationship between γ and GSINR

Fig.6 Simulated results of the relationship between θi with uEIF and GSINR, respectively

Fig.7 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables Garray,JNR,and SNR

Fig.8 Simulated results of the relationship between Narray and Garray for different JNR,SNR,and θi

Fig.9 Simulated results of the relationship between gyroscope configuration and fault detection capability

Fig.10 Simulated results of the relationship among variables Edy,Elo,and Esp for different GNSS users

Fig.11 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables σPLL,BPLL,C/N0 under four test scenarios

Fig.12 Simulated results of the relationship aming three variables σPR,C/N0,BDLL under four test scenarios

Table 4 Comparison of jammer performance parameters

干扰机编号	干扰类型	干扰频率范围/MHz
1	生成式欺骗干扰	(1000,5000)
2	转发式欺骗干扰	(1000,5000)
3	多干扰源协同干扰	(1000,5000)
4	压制式宽带干扰	(5000,20000)
5	多脉冲干扰	(5000,20000)
6	压制式窄带干扰	(5000,20000)

Fig.13 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables AbilityAJ,CEJ,and REJ for six different types of airborne jammers

Table 5 Summary of evaluated results of array antenna anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,1公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	32.8
C_2,1公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-136
C_2,2特定性能 (系统ADC)	抗干扰改善因子	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	0.60
	输出信干噪比增益/dB	一定范围内单调递增	[0,50)	41.8
	阵列增益/dB	一定范围内单调递增	[-27,60)	32.7
	服务精度/m	单调递减	<100	17.11
	平均服务可用性/%	单调递增	≥98	98.01
	平均服务连续性/%	单调递增	≥ 85	86.27
C_2,3软件性能	故障检测统计量/m	单调递增	≤10	9.0
	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	19.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	0.9
C_2,4硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.78
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵	1.17×10⁴
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.75
E₁综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤32.980	10.630
E₁综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.322

Table 6 Summary of evaluated results of INS-assisted anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,5公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.1
C_2,5公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-126
C_2,6特定性能 (系统ADC)	动态测量误差率	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	9.81
	平均可靠性贡献 $R T i, k$	单调递增	≥0	0.48
	相邻时间的贡献增幅 ΔR	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1/3]	0.50
	可信覆盖率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[0,100]	53.19
	载波相位跟踪误差/°	单调递减	≥15	64
	伪码测距精度/m	单调递减	≥5	82
C_2,7软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	24.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	1.3
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤100	73.9
C_2,8硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.72
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	1.21E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.30
E₂综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.193	9.923
E₂综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.301

Table 6 Summary of evaluated results of INS-assisted anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,5公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.1
C_2,5公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-126
C_2,6特定性能 (系统ADC)	动态测量误差率	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	9.81
	平均可靠性贡献 $R T i, k$	单调递增	≥0	0.48
	相邻时间的贡献增幅 ΔR	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1/3]	0.50
	可信覆盖率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[0,100]	53.19
	载波相位跟踪误差/°	单调递减	≥15	64
	伪码测距精度/m	单调递减	≥5	82
C_2,7软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	24.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	1.3
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤100	73.9
C_2,8硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.72
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	1.21E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.30
E₂综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.193	9.923
E₂综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.301

Table 7 Summary of evaluated results of Application system protection performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,9公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.4
C_2,9公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-146
C_2,10特定性能 (系统ADC)	应用系统的可用度/%	单调递增	≤100	72.84
	应用系统的可信度/%	单调递增	≤100	80.81
	先机发射概率/%	单调递增	≤92	89.69
	毁伤概率/%	单调递增	≤100	74.91
	突防概率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[64,100)	68.553
	抗干扰优势值	一定范围内单调递增	(0.74,1]	78.65
C_2,11软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	18.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	0.7
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤ 100	92.1
C_2,12硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.80
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	0.35E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	1.01
E₃综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.827	11.007
E₃综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.325

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