Influence of Velocity on the Cavity Flow Characteristics of Vertical Ice-breaking Water Entry of a Projectile

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0420

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring the influence mechanism of ice sheet on the water-entry process of a high-speed projectile is of great significance for the development of advanced trans-media weapons suitable for ice-water areas. The processes of vertical ice-breaking water-entry of a high-speed cylindrical projectile at different initial velocities are studied based on the coupled Euler-Lagrange (CEL) method. The findings indicate that, when the initial velocity of projectile is relatively low (50m/s), the size of ice hole formed by impact is relatively small to severely hinder the influx of external gas, and the expansion and development of cavity are obstructed, leading to the premature neckingand early closure of cavity. Besides, there is no longer a surface closure phenomenon as no ice, and the deep closure of cavity occurs faster. When the velocity of projectile is higher (≥100 m/s), the size of ice hole formed by impact is larger, allowing a continuous influx of external air and delaying the closure of cavity. The difference in scale between the ice sheet and the ice-free cavity decreases with the increase in initial velocity. Additionally, as the initial velocity of projectile increases, the interference of crushed ice on the airflow intensifies, thus enhancing the nonlinear and turbulent characteristics of flow field within the cavity. It is worth noting that the peak force of projectile entering water in an ice-free environment is 70% of that of ice-breaking water-entry (the ice thickness is half of the diameter of projectile) at the same speed. At a speed of 150m/s, a weak plastic strain occurs at the projectile head during the ice-breaking water-entry process, which should be emphasized to improve the structural strength of projectile head when designing new types of trans-media weapons used in ice-water areas.

Key words: high-speed water-entry, cavity evolution, structural response, ice sheet, crack propagation

CLC Number:

O352
TJ012.3

HUANG Zhengui, WANG Hao, CAI Xiaowei, LIU Xiangyan, CHEN Zhihua, QIN Jian, HAO Xulong. Influence of Velocity on the Cavity Flow Characteristics of Vertical Ice-breaking Water Entry of a Projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3371-3384.

Figures/Tables 23

Table 1 Ice material properties[28]

密度/ (kg·m^-3)	杨氏模量/GPa	屈服应力/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	泊松比
900	9.38	5.2	0.58	0.33

Table 2 Material properties of 45 steel and Johnson-Cook model parameters[29]

密度/(kg·m^-3)	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	A	B	C	n	m	T_m/K	T_t/K
7850	210	0.29	595	580	0.023	0.133	2.03	1765	298

Fig.1 Calculation model

Fig.2 Meshing results

Fig.3 Comparison of cavity evolutions

Fig.4 Displacements of projectile at different times

Fig.5 Comparison of ice breakup effects

Fig.6 Time-domain curve of ice load

Fig.7 Comparison of cracks evolutions

Fig.8 Time-domain curve of load of rigid plate

Fig.9 Velocity of projectile in vertical direction with different number of meshes

Fig.10 Evolution of cavity (50m/s)

Fig.11 Evolution of cavity (100m/s)

Fig.12 Evolution of cavity (150m/s)

Fig.13 Flow characteristics of cavity in the initial stage of water entry

Table 3 Ice failure damage and crack extension

Fig.14 The variation law of cavity diameter in different water depths

Fig.15 The surface closure time of cavity in different cases

Fig.16 Velocity flow field distribution (50m/s)

Fig.17 Velocity flow field distribution (100m/s)

Fig.18 Velocity flow field distribution (150m/s)

Fig.19 Response of surface structure of projectile (0.2ms)

Fig.20 Acceleration and velocity change of projectile in vertical direction

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