Thermal Response of Explosive Charge Cutted by Multi-pulse Femtosecond Laser

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0795

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to analyze the safety of multi-pulse femtosecond laser cutting of explosive charge, a two-dimensional numerical calculation model is established for the numerical calculation of femtosecond laser cutting HMX, TATB, RDX and TNT charges. The thermal response rules of explosive charge under different processing conditions were obtained through experiment. The results show that all the four kinds of explosives above are not ignited when the moving speed of laser spot is 80-300mm/min. The slower moving speed of reactive spot led to the more obvious heat accumulation effect. The heat accumulation effect of HMX is the most obvious in the dynamic analysis area as compared with those of other three kinds of explosives. When the repetition frequency and energy of femtosecond laser are in the range of 0.1-200kHz and 50-200μJ/pulse, respectively, the cutting rate increases first and then decreases by increasing the repetition frequency and energy of femtosecond laser. In addition, cutting rate and safety of femtosecond laser on explosive charge are affected by the performance parameters of explosive. Cutting rate is positively correlated with the laser absorption coefficient of explosive while cutting safety is negatively correlated with the thermal sensitivity of explosive.

Key words: explosive charge, femtosecond laser, laser processing, thermal response

CLC Number:

TN249

WU Junying, YAO Yule, ZHENG Fude, LIU Jiaxi, LI Junjian, WANG Jianyu, CHEN Lang. Thermal Response of Explosive Charge Cutted by Multi-pulse Femtosecond Laser[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3462-3473.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of physical model of femtosecond laser cutting explosive charge

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of calculation model of femtosecond laser cutting explosive charge

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of overlapped laser spots

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of calculational step of femtosecond laser drilling explosive charge

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of grid marking in calculation

Table 1 Absorption and reflection coefficients of four kinds of elemental explosives for femtosecond laser[21]

炸药	α/10⁶m^-1	r
TATB	2.264	0.146
HMX	1.434	0.090
TNT	1.724	0.110
RDX	1.626	0.106

Table 2 Physical property parameters of four kinds of elemental explosives

炸药	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	热容/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	热扩散系数/ (m²·s^-1)	点火温度/ K
HMX	1905	1050	0.345	1.72×10^-7	573
TATB	1937	1170	0.544	2.40×10^-7	632
RDX	1820	1250	0.213	9.36×10^-8	486
TNT	1580	1380	0.500	2.29×10^-7	513

Table 3 Explosion heat values of four kinds of elemental explosives[29]

炸药	TATB	HMX	TNT	RDX
爆热/(kJ·mol^-1)	1165.7	1828.0	1233.1	1635.6

Table 4 Kinetic parameters of multi-step thermal decomposition reaction of four kinds of elemental explosives

炸药	反应步	活化能 E/(kJ·mol^-1)	指前因子 Z/s^-1	反应热 Q/(kJ·kg^-1)
	1	204	7.99×10²⁰	-42
HMX	2	221	1.41×10²¹	-251
	3	186	2.61×10¹⁶	558
	4	143	1.60×10¹²	5602
	1	252	7.02×10²⁰	-210
TATB	2	176	8.75×10¹²	-210
	3	142	4.36×10¹¹	2933
	1	184	1.58×10¹⁵	-126
TNT	2	144	1.96×10¹¹	3767
	3	140	2.39×10¹¹	3896
	1	197	5.75×10¹⁹	-419
RDX	2	184	4.74×10¹⁷	1257
	3	143	1.58×10¹⁵	5028

Fig.6 Temperature distribution of HMX processing surface at 0.25s

Fig.7 Cutting morphology of HMX charge at 59s

Fig.8 Location diagram of dynamic analysis area

Fig.9 Temperature and heat release curves of HMX in the dynamic analysis area within 10s

Fig.10 Temperature and heat release curves of HMX in the dynamic analysis area before ignition

Fig.11 Heat release curves of HMX in the dynamic analysis area under different spot moving speeds

Table 5 Overlap rates of light spots at different moving speeds (1kHz)

光斑移动速度/(mm·min^-1)	80	120	300
重叠率	0.9661	0.9491	0.8729

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of laser spot moving on HMX processing surface at different spot moving speeds within 10s

Table 6 Cutting rates of femtosecond laser on HMX at different spot moving speeds (100μJ/pulse, 1kHz)

光斑移动速度/(mm·min^-1)	80	120	300
切割速率/(μm·s^-1)	12.55	14.11	16.36

Fig.13 Temperature curves of HMX in the dynamic analysis area under different repetition frequencies

Fig.14 Temperature curves of HMX in the dynamic analysis area under different energies

Fig.15 Scatter diagram of cutting rate of femtosecond laser on HMX charge

Fig.16 Temperature curves of four kinds of explosives in dynamic analysis area

Table 7 Cutting rates of femtosecond laser on four kinds of explosives (100μJ/pulse, 1kHz, 300min/mm)

炸药	HMX	TATB	RDX	TNT
切割速率/(μm·s^-1)	16.36	17.29	16.51	16.83

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