Acoustic Emission Parameters in the Damage Process of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Mixed Loading

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0468

Abstract

Abstract: Using the acoustic emission (AE) technique, a series of Brazilian disk tests with a central notch (BDCN) under mixed loading are conducted to investigate the fracture mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The evolution of the AE parameters during the fracture process is analyzed. The results indicate that the damage process consists of three stages based on the characteristics of the cumulative signal strength and load versus time relationships. The damage in the first stage is caused by the microcrack initiation, and then the coalescence and extension of microcracks. AE signals captured during the third stage are caused by the debonding and extension of steel fibers. By employing the machine learning algorithm and analyzing the AE parameters, the damage mechanism of SFRC is revealed. Using Gaussian mixture models, it is possible to classify damage sources as tensile cracks or shear cracks. Tensile cracks dominate the damage process, while shear cracks contribute to it. From the support vector machine, it is evident that the boundaries between tensile and shear cracks are not always straight lines passing through the origin.

Key words: steelfiberreinforcedconcrete, solidmechanics, acousticemission, Gaussianmixturemodels

CLC Number:

TB303.1

SONG Shuizhou, REN Huilan, NING Jianguo. Acoustic Emission Parameters in the Damage Process of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Mixed Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(8): 1881-1891.

References

［1］王宗炼, 任会兰, 宁建国. 基于小波变换的混凝土压缩损伤模式识别[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9):1745-1753.
WANG Z L, REN H L, NING J G. Identification of damage modes of concrete under compressive loading based on wavelet transform[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017,38(9):1745-1753.（in Chiniese）
[2］ SMEDT DE M, DE WILDER K, VERSTRYNGE E, et al. Experimental analysis of monotonic and cyclic pull-out of steel fibres by means of acoustic emission and X-ray microfocus computed tomography[J]. Proceedings, 2018, 2(8): 1-6.
[3］ FARHIDZADEH A, MPALASKAS A C, MATIKAS T E, et al. Fracture mode identification in cementitious materials using supervised pattern recognition of acoustic emission features[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 67(Part B):129-138.
[4］ OHTSU M. Simplified moment tensor analysis and unified decomposition of acoustic emission source:application to in situ hydrofracturing test[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research B, 1991, 96(B4):1187-1189.
[5］ OHNO K, UJI K, UENO A, et al. Fracture process zone in notched concrete beam under three-point bending by acoustic emission[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2014, 67(Part B):139-145.
[6］ LIU J P, LI Y H, XU S D, et al. Cracking mechanisms in granite rocks subjected to uniaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2015, 75:151-159.
[7］任会兰, 宁建国, 宋水舟, 等. 基于声发射矩张量分析混凝土破坏的裂纹运动[J]. 力学学报, 2019, 51(6):1830-1840.
REN H L, NING J G, SONG S Z, et al. Investigation on crack growth in concrete by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2019, 51(6): 1830-1740.(in Chinese)
[8］ PREM P R, MURTHY A R, VERMA M. Theoretical modelling and acoustic emission monitoring of RC beams strengthened with UHPC[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 158: 670-682.
[9］ LACIDOGNA G, PIANA G, CARPINTERI A. Damage monitoring of three point bending concrete specimens by acoustic emission and resonant frequency analysis[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2019, 210: 203-211.
[10］ HAN Q, YANG G, XU J, et al. Acoustic emission data analyses based on crumb rubber concrete beam bending tests[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2019, 210: 189-202.
[11］ LI B, XU L H, SHI Y C, et al. Effects of fiber type, volume fraction and aspect ratio on the flexural and acoustic emission behaviors of steel fiber reinforced concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 180:474-486.
[12］ LI B, XU L H, CHI Y, et al. Experimental investigation on the stress-strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete subjected to uniaxial cyclic compression[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 140:109-118.
[13］ BANJARA N K, SASMAL S, SRINIVAS V. Investigations on acoustic emission parameters during damage progression in shear deficient and GFRP strengthened reinforced concrete components[J]. Measurement, 2019, 137: 501-514.
[14］ OHNO K, OHTSU M. Crack classification in concrete based on acoustic emission[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2010, 24(12):2339-2346.
[15］ RASHEED M A, PRAKASH S S, RAJU G, et al. Fracture studies on synthetic fiber reinforced cellular concrete using acoustic emission technique[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 169:100-112.
[16］ RASHEED M A, PRAKASH S S, GANGADHARAN R. Acoustic emission characterization of hybrid fiber reinforced cellular concrete under direct shear loads[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 2019, 38(1):1-14.
[17］ PREM P R, MURTHY A R. Acoustic emission monitoring of reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point-bending[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2017, 117: 28-38.
[18］ FARHIDZADEH A, SALAMONE S, SINGLA P. A probabilistic approach for damage identification and crack mode classification in reinforced concrete structures[J]. Journal of Intelligence Material System Structure, 2013, 24: 1722-1735.
[19］ SUTHAR D, SRIVASTAVA J, KABINESH J M, et al. Probabilistic approach to crack mode classification in concrete under uniaxial compression[C]∥Proceedings of NDE 2017 Conference & Exhibition of the Indian Society for NDE. Chennai, India: World Press, 2017.
[20］ DAS A K, SUTHAR D, LEUNG C. Machine learning based crack mode classification from unlabeled acoustic emission waveform features[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 121:42-57.
[21］ RAZMI A, MIRSAYAR M M. On the mixed mode I/II fracture properties of jute fiber-reinforced concrete[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2017, 148(1): 512-520.
[22］ ZILE E Z. Effect of the fiber geometry on the pullout response of mechanically deformed steel fibers[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2013, 44: 18-24.
[23］ LI B, CHI Y, XU L H, et al. Experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 191: 80-94.
[24］中国工程建设协会.纤维混凝土试验方法标准: CECS 13—2009[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2010.
China Engineering Construction Industry Association.Standard test method for fiber reinforced concrete: CECS 13—2009[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2010.(in Chinese)
[25］中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.钢纤维混凝土:JG/T 472—2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the people's Republic of China.Steel fiber reinforced concrete:JG/T 472—2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015.(in Chinese)
[26］张胜利. 钢纤维混凝土纤维分布与力学性能关系试验研究及数值仿真[D]. 太原:太原理工大学, 2018.
ZHANG S L. Experimental study and numerical simulation on the relationship between fiber distribution and mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology, 2018.(in Chinese)
[27］ DONG S, WANG Y, XIA Y M. Stress intensity factors for central cracked circular disk subjected to compression[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2004, 71(7/8):1135-1148.
[28］ AGGELIS D G. Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters[J]. Mechanics Research Communications, 2011, 38(3):153-157.
[29］ ANAY R, SOLTANGHARAEI V, ASSI L, et al. Identification of damage mechanisms in cement paste based on acoustic emission[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 164:286-296.
[30］ ARCHANA N, NAIR C S, KONG X, et al. Using acoustic emission to monitor failure modes in CFRP-strengthened concrete structures[J]. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2020, 33(1): 04019110.
[31］ YU J G, ZIEHL P, ZRATE B, et al. Prediction of fatigue crack growth in steel bridge components using acoustic emission[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2011, 67(8):1254-1260.
[32］张凌凡, 陈忠辉, 秦凡, 等. 岩石断裂混合矩张量反演与数值分析[J].矿业科学学报,2019,4(5):394-402.
ZHANG L F, CHEN Z H, QIN F, et al. Hybrid moment tensor inversion and numerical analysis of rock fracture[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2019, 4(5): 394-402.(in Chinese)
[33］ RANJBAR N, BEHNIA A, CHAI H K, et al. Fracture evaluation of multi-layered precast reinforced geopolymer-concrete composite beams by incorporating acoustic emission into mechanical analysis[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 127: 274-28.

[1]	WANG Zonglian, WANG Huaiwei, REN Huilan, ZHAO Mingyan, LUO Zhiqiang. Inversion of Crack Mechanism in Concrete Materials Based on Moment Tensor Theory of Acoustic Emission [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(1): 181-189.
[2]	LI Zhinong, ZENG Wenjun, WEN Qinsong, SHEN Gongtian, SHEN Yongna. Magnetoacoustic Emission Characteristics of Q235 Steel under Static Load Tension and Low Cycle Fatigue [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(1): 185-191.
[3]	WANG Zong-lian, REN Hui-lan, NING Jian-guo. Identification of Damage Modes of Concrete under Compressive Loading Based on Wavelet Transform [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(9): 1745-1753.
[4]	YUAN Kang-bo, GUO Wei-guo. Research on the Dynamic Linearity Calibration Method of High-g Accelerometers [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(12): 2429-2437.
[5]	ZHOU Gang-yi， DONG Xin-long， FU Ying-qian. Analysis and Experimental Verification of Dynamic Shear Test for Hat-shaped Specimen [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(12): 2455-2462.
[6]	LI Zhi-bin， LU Fang-yun. Anti-impact Analysis of Sacrificial Claddings of Cellular Material with Temperature Gradient [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(12): 2463-2471.
[7]	FENG Xiao-wei, LI Jun-cheng, CHANG Jing-zhen, WANG Hong-bo, HU Wen-jun. Investigation on Mesoscale Failure Mechanism of Alumina under Shock Compression [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(12): 2472-2479.
[8]	LIU Zhi-fang， WANG Jun， QIN Qing-hua. Research on Energy Absorption of Aluminum Foam-filled Double Circular Tubes under Lateral Impact Loadings [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(11): 2259-2267.
[9]	ZHANG Yi-hua, PANG Kui, LIN Dan-yi, MAI Yun-fei, SUN Xiao-meng, YANG Guo-yu. Study of Bolt Joint Stiffness Based on Contact Surface Characteristics [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(1): 195-201.