Research on the Supercavitation Characteristics of a High-speed Vehicle Near the Free Surface

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0886

Abstract

Abstract:

The influence of the free surface on the shape of supercavitation and the hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater vehicle is investigated. The motion process of a supercavitating vehicle near the free surface is numerically simulated using an adaptive mesh method and the volume of fluid method, and the effects of the free surface on the shape of supercavitation, and the lift, resistance and torque of the vehicle are analyzed. The research findings show that the presence of the free surface causes the tail of supercavitation to shift away from the free surface, resulting in the length of supercavitation being significantly shorter than that in an infinite water domain. The velocity of vehicle has a significant impact on its lift near the free surface. When the velocity of vehicle is less than 50m/s, its lift is negative; when the velocity of vehicle exceeds 60m/s, its lift becomes positive. When the vehicle is fully enveloped by the cavitation, only the cavitator head is wetted. A zero-torque point always appears near the front (x=1D, where D is the diameter of the cavitator) of the vehicle. When the interface of supercavitation tail intersects with the vehicle, it causes a change in the position of the zero-torque point. When the attack angle of the vehicle is positive, the torque is less affected by the water depth. However, when the attack angle is negative, the torque is significantly influenced by the water depth.

Key words: high-speed vehicle, supercavitation characteristics, free surface, cavitation displacement

CLC Number:

TJ301

WEI Ping, WENG Mingdeng, YANG Xiaobin, WANG Shoufa, WANG Yiming. Research on the Supercavitation Characteristics of a High-speed Vehicle Near the Free Surface[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240886-.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Computational domain model

Table 1 Grid parameters for different working conditions

工况	自适应加密等级	网格数	最小网格/m	时间步/s
Case 1	1	86	2.50×10^-4	5×10^-5
Case 2	2	165	1.25×10^-4	2×10^-5
Case 3	3	391	6.25×10^-5	1×10^-5

Fig.2 Resistance-time curves of supercavitating vehicle (60m/s)

Fig.3 Grid distribution near supercavitation (The top figure shows the mesh on the Oxy plane of the computational domain, and the bottom figure is a local magnification near the cavitator)

Fig.4 Comparison of numerical(upper) and experimental (below)cavitation shapes (37m/s)

Fig.5 Comparison between present calculated vehicle resistance with experimental resistance[3](37m/s)

Table 2 Supercavitation formation process (60m/s,H=1D)

Table 3 Pressure cloudmap near the supercavitation (60m/s, H=1D)

Fig.6 Streamline diagram near the supercavitation (80m/s,1D)

Fig.7 Stable cavitation shape (80m/s,0.6D)

Fig.8 Length of supercavitation as a function of water depth

Fig.9 Diameter of supercavitation as a function of water depth

Fig.10 Supercavitation offsets at different depths

Fig.11 Difference between the lengths of supercavitations influenced and uninfluenced by the free surface

Fig.12 Difference between the diameters of supercavitations influenced and uninfluenced by the free surface

Fig.13 Torque coefficients for underwater vehicle at different water depths and flow velocities

Table 4 Parameters for each working condition

工况	v/(m·s^-1)	H	包裹情况
Case 1	50	1D	无法完全包裹
Case 2	60	0.7D	无法完全包裹
Case 3	60	0.8D	完全包裹
Case 4	70	0.6D	完全包裹

Fig.14 Supercavitation for each working condition

Fig.15 Lift coefficient of underwater vehicle

Fig.16 Resistance coefficient of underwater vehicle

Fig.17 Torque coefficients of underwater vehicle at different speeds and attack angles

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