Study on the Characteristics of Explosive B After Impact Detonation of Different Shaped Charges on Target in Water

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.1046

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the performance of explosives after the impact detonation of different shaped charges on targets in water,three kinds of shaped charge structures,i.e.,explosively formed projectile (EFP),jetting projectile charge (JPC) and shaped charge jet(JET),are selected for underwater penetration and underwater impact detonation tests.The measured velocities of different shaped charge penetrators before entering water,before hitting a target and after penetrating into a target,the penetration effect on the arc target plate and the impact detonation effect on B explosive behind the target are obtained through the tests.The impact detonation mechanism of different shaped charges in water and the variation law of impact detonation coefficient k at different water medium lengths are compared and analyzed.The results show that the impact detonation performances of EFP,JET and JPC after impacting a target in water decrease nonlinearly with the increase in the length of water medium,and the performance of JPC is better than those of JET and EFP.The critical impact detonation coefficient of explosive B is 18.22mm³/s² after EFP,JET and JPC penetrate the metal target plate with a thickness of 2cm and a length of 0-100cm water medium and a water medium with a length ranging from 0 to 100cm.

Key words: shaped charge, penetration in water, underwater impact detonation, impact detonation coefficient, detonation threshold

CLC Number:

O383

ZHANG Xuemei, XIE Xingbo, ZHONG Mingshou, GU Wenbin, Yang Guili. Study on the Characteristics of Explosive B After Impact Detonation of Different Shaped Charges on Target in Water[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(9): 241046-.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig.1 Three kinds of shaped charge and propellant grain

Fig.2 Penetration test results of EFP and JPC in air

Table 1 Penetration performance of EFP and JPC at different air burst heights

装药类型	F/cm	D_k/cm	l_k/cm	D_c/cm	l_c/cm	l_z/cm	深度增幅/%
JPC	25	7.0	3.5	2.0	16.2	22.8	3.51
JPC	35	6.0	4.0	1.9	20.1	23.6	3.51
EFP	25	5.2	3.4	5.2	9.5	9.5	13.68
EFP	35	5.5	2.2	5.0	7.9	10.8	13.68

Fig.3 Layout of impact detonation test in water

Fig.4 Voltage signal curves of three shaped charges at each measuring point (H=45cm)

Table 2 Penetration velocity (H=45cm) before water entry,before mpacting the target and after target penetration

装药类型	入水前(测点A)		着靶前(测点B)			穿靶后(测点C)			衰减率/%
装药类型	Δt/μs	v_j0/(m·s^-1)	Δt/μs	v_r/(m·s^-1)	衰减率/%	Δt/μs	v_p/(m·s^-1)	衰减率/%	衰减率/%
JET	6	5833	10	3500	40.00	11	3182	9.09	45.44
JPC	9	3889	15	2333	40.01	16	2187	6.26	43.76
EFP	11	3182	32	1094	65.63	59	593	45.79	81.36

Fig.5 Penetration effects of three shaped charges after passing through water media with different lengths

Table 3 Penetration performances of three shaped charges under different water media lengths

装药类型	F/ cm	H/ cm	前靶板
装药类型	F/ cm	H/ cm	入口/ cm	出口/ cm	深度/ cm	入口/ cm	出口/ cm	深度/ cm
EFP	35	20	ϕ5.0	ϕ5.2	穿透	-	-	-
JPC	35	45	4.0×3.5	5.0×3.8	穿透	ϕ2.3	ϕ2.3	穿透
JET	35	45	3.6×1.6	3.2×1.5	穿透	ϕ1.2	ϕ1.2	穿透

Fig.6 JET successfully detonated by penetrating the curved plate after passing through 45cm water medium.

Fig.7 JET failed to detonate after passing through 100cm water medium

Fig.8 Underwater impact detonated and unexploded effects of of shaped charge

Table 4 Impact detonation performances of different shaped charges

装药类型	空气炸高/cm	水介质长度/cm	前靶板(2cm)毁伤效果	后效靶(1cm)毁伤效果	引爆状态
EFP	35	20	穿孔ϕ5cm 崩成两半抛飞	冲击面下凹成半球形,下凹面直径为22cm,下凹深度5cm。	爆
JPC	35	45	崩成两半抛飞	穿孔2.7cm×1.7cm,冲击面下凹成半球形,下凹面直径为15cm,下凹深度8cm。	爆
JPC	35	100	穿孔ϕ2.3cm	未见射流侵彻痕迹。	未爆
JET	35	45	崩成两半抛飞	穿孔ϕ1.5cm,冲击面下凹变形,变形面直径为13cm,下凹深度7cm	爆
JET	35	100	穿孔ϕ1.0cm	未见射流侵彻痕迹。	未爆

Fig.9 Numerical calculation model

Table 5 Material parameters of JH-2 explosive[30]

材料	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	A₁/GPa	B₁/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
JH-2	1.7	56.4	6.801	4.1	1.3	0.36	10

Table 6 Air and water material parameters[31]

材料	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	c₁/ (cm·μs^-1)	S₁	S₂	S₃	ω	V₀
空气	1.25×10^-3	0.0344				1.4	0
水	1.02	0.1647	2.56	1.986	1.23	0.5	1

Table 7 Metal material parameters[33-34]

材料	ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	A₂/ MPa	B₂/ MPa	n	C₂	m	T_m/ K	T_r/K
紫铜	8.96	90	292	0.31	0.025	1.09	1356	293
45钢	7.80	507	320	0.28	0.064	1.06	1795	300

Table 8 Explosive ignition growth model parameters[35]

状态	A₃/GPa	B₃/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	Cv/ (MPa/K)	T₀/K	剪切模量/ GPa	E₀/GPa	屈服强度/ GPa
未反应时	48500	-3.9	11.3	1.13	0.8938	2.487	298	3.54
反应时	524.2	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.5	1			8.5	0.2
a	b	c	d	e	g	G₁	I/s^-1	x	y	z
0.0367	0.667	0.667	0.333	0.222	1.0	140	4	7.0	2.0	3.0
F_igmax	F_G1max	F_G2min	G₂
0.022	0.7	0.0	1000

Fig.10 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results of velocity at each measuring point in penetration process

Fig.11 Process of three shaped charges penetrating a target in water

Fig.12 Pressures of three kinds of shaped charge impacting and detonating explosive B after penetrating into target in water

Fig.13 The change curve of penetrator velocity before impacting on target

Fig.14 The residual velocity of penetrator after penetrating into the target

Fig.15 The diameter of penetrator before impacting on target

Fig.16 The diameter of penetrator after penetrating into target

Fig.17 Change curves of impact detonation power and detonation threshold of shaped charge jet after penetrating into target

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