Comprehensive Optimization of Temperature Field of Wet Multi-disc Shifting Clutch

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0699

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the thermal failures such as thermal buckling caused by excessive radial temperature difference of friction elements in the wet multi-disc shifting clutch,the numerical simulation and experimental research are made on the homogenization of radial contact pressure and the gradient design of friction coefficient of friction elements.Firstly,based on the compact structure of clutch,a back plate is designed and topologically optimized.The stiffness of the optimized back plate is improved and the deformation trend of friction elements is reduced,thereby reducing the maximum pressure difference and temperature difference of friction elements by 28.64% and 28.48%,respectively.Then the texture treatment and test are carried out on the surface of friction plate.It is found that the friction coefficient decreases with the increase in the texture line density.A gradient design method for the texture density decreasing along the radial direction of friction plate is proposed,reducing the maximum temperature difference by 17.69%.Finally,the optimized back plate and textured friction plate are comprehensively applied to homogenize the radial contact pressure and decrease the radial friction coefficient.Compared with the original design,the maximum temperature difference and thermal bending moment are reduced by 41.73% and 45.33%,respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of higher power density clutches.

Key words: multi-disk clutch, contact pressure, structure optimization, coefficient of friction, temperature field

ZHAO Qin, ZHENG Yiyang, YU Liang, LIU Yujian, DANG Guoqiang, DONG Yi. Comprehensive Optimization of Temperature Field of Wet Multi-disc Shifting Clutch[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240699-.

Figures/Tables 26

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of wet multi-disc shifting clutch

Fig.2 Radial heat flux density of friction components

Fig.3 Finite element model of clutch

Table 1 Material and geomatic parameters of friction components

摩擦元件	内径/ mm	外径/ mm	厚度/ mm	泊松比	弹性模量/ GPa
活塞	86	125	6	0.3	216
钢片	86	125	2	0.3	216
摩擦衬层	86	125	0.6	0.16	4
摩擦芯材	86	125	2	0.3	216
压板	86	125	5	0.3	216
卡簧	116	125	3	0.3	216

Table 2 Grid independence check

网格	特征	节点数	计算时间/min	接触压力变化/%
A	整圆	202972	900
B	1/6圆	22656	18	2.2~6.8
C	1/6圆	31054	39	0.6~2.0
D	1/6圆	69174	158	0.2~1.0
E	1/6圆	77006	230	0.05~0.1

Fig.4 Radial contact pressure distribution of original design

Fig.5 Flow chart of topology optimization

Fig.6 Shape of back plate boss

Fig.7 Back plate designs under different qualities

Fig.8 Shape of the back plate

Fig.9 Fitting results of genetic aggregation

Table 3 Optimized structural parameters of the back plate

参数	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅
尺寸/mm	2.7	2.4	6.9	7.0	7.0

Fig.10 Radial contact pressure distribution of friction pairs with optimized back plate

Table 4 Standard deviation of initial and optimized designs

项目	S₁	S₂	S₃	S₄	S₅	S₆	S₇
初始设计	0.1130	0.1282	0.1484	0.1873	0.2144	0.3491	0.3753
优化压板	0.0854	0.0968	0.1125	0.1404	0.1633	0.2491	0.2798
优化程度	24.3%	24.5%	24.2%	25.0%	23.8%	28.7%	25.4%

Fig.11 Textured friction plate

Table 5 Test conditions of textured friction plates

样件	线密度/(个·mm^-1)	压力/N	转速/(r·min^-1)
无织构	0	30,80,150	1000
轻载	0.5,0.45,0.4, 0.35,0.3	30
中载		80
重载		150

Fig.12 COFs under different working conditions

Fig.13 1:1 textured friction plate

Fig.14 Experimental approach

Table 6 Conditions of temperature tests

序号	特征	活塞压力/ kPa	转速/ (r·min^-1)	环境温度/℃	滑摩时间/s
T-1	初始设计	100	300	40	13
T-2	仅优化压板
T-3	仅织构摩擦片
T-4	综合优化

Fig.15 Temperature field experimental results of optimized back plate

Fig.16 Comparison between experimental and simulated results of optimized back plate

Fig.17 Temperature field experiment results of textured friction plate

Fig.18 Temperature field experiment results after comprehensive optimized design

Table 7 Performance of compressive optimization

项目	SP1/%	SP2/%	SP3/%	SP4/%
最大温差减小	32.69	30.73	29.64	41.73
热弯矩减小	30.94	32.38	32.45	45.33

Fig.19 Experimental results of friction torque

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