Initiation and Detonation Characteristics of Small-sized HNS Explosive Charges under the Impact of High-speed Flyers Driven by Electric Explosion

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0081

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs) represents a promising initiation technology for meeting the high requirements of miniaturized and integrated weapon systems for initiation capability.To conduct an in-depth research on the initiation and detonation output characteristics of small-sized charges in the exploding foil initiator system,a synchronous test system for observing the electrical explosion-driven flyer characteristics of metal bridge foils and a particle velocity measurement system for measuring the velocity of particle at the explosive-window interface for flyer-impact-initiated small-sized explosive detonation are built.The velocity and morphological characteristics of flyers and the initiation and detonation reaction behaviors of small-sized Ultrafine Hexanitrostilbene (HNS-IV) explosive under flyer impact were investigated.The results show that the flyer velocity is positively correlated with the initiation voltage.When the initiation voltage ranges from 900V to 1500V, the flyer velocity exiting the accelerator chamber is measured at 2000m/s to 4200m/s.HNS-IV-based explosives demonstrates a short growth distance of detonation under high-intensity impact.For instance,a stable detonation is achieved within just 2.14mm under the action of a 3455m/s flyer.The further analysis of detonation wave structure indicates that HNS-IV has a fast detonation reaction rate,with a reaction time of less than 27 ns and a reaction zone width of only 0.13mm.Under the condition of a 3mm-diameter charge,the main detonation reaction of HNS-IV explosives remaines largely unaffected,but the energy decays rapidly in the late stage of reaction.The detonation reaction rate model is first calibrated with the experimental results,and then the effect of charge size on the energy output is studied through simulation.The results show that the increase in charge thickness is more effective in enhancing the energy output at the end of charge than the increase in charge diameter.

Key words: electric explosion-driven flyer, HNS explosive, detonation reaction zone, shock initiation, detonation reaction rate equation

CLC Number:

TJ450

YANG Kun, LIU Danyang, JIAN Yutong, WANG Jing, LIU Changhua, HE Yaxin, GU Lingzhi, CHEN Lang. Initiation and Detonation Characteristics of Small-sized HNS Explosive Charges under the Impact of High-speed Flyers Driven by Electric Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240081-.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Synchronous test system for testing the characteristics of flyer driven by electric explosion

Fig.2 Experimental device for measuring the particle velocity at explosive/window interface in small-sized chargers

Fig.3 Flyer velocity-time curve and and its comparison with the change in electric explosion voltage

Table 1 Electric explosion and flyer velocity parameters for high-speed flyer driven by electric explosion

电压峰值/V	电流峰值/A	峰值电流时刻/ ns	电爆时刻/ns	飞片最大速度/ (m·s^-1)	出膛时刻/ns	出膛速度/ (m·s^-1)
1196	2036	380	236	4710	353	4125
1547	2264	379	225	4914	332	4192

Fig.4 Schlieren photos of the flyer morphology and plasma flow field after electric explosion

Fig.5 Flyer velocity-time curves under different initiation voltages

Table 2 Time and velocity of the flyer exiting the accelerator chamber under different initiation voltages

起爆电压/V	出膛时刻/ns	出膛速度/(m·s^-1)
900	323.04	2186
1000	292.95	2885
1200	249.95^*	3455^*
1500	235.15^*	4068^*

Fig.6 Particle velocities at the HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive/window interface under different charge thicknesses and initiation voltages

Fig.7 Particle velocities at HNS-IV/window interface under different charge thicknesses and initiation voltages

Fig.8 Variation of particle velocity at explosive/window interface over time

Fig.9 Double-function fitting of interfacial particle velocity

Fig.10 Experimental particle velocity at the explosive/window interface in small-sized chargers

Table 3 Parameters of detonation reaction zone for 10mm-diameter charge

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	双函数拟合法			EXPLO5计算值
密度/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	t_C-J/ ns	宽度/ mm	p_C-J/ GPa	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa
1.328	6029	26.6	0.13	11.8	6168	13.0

Fig.11 Comparison of interfacial particle velocities and their decay rates of different charges with different sizes

Table 4 Detonation reaction zone parameters of HNS-IV-based explosive in small-sized charges

炸药配方	试验设置	密度/(g·cm^-3)	t_I/ns	u_I/(m·s^-1)	t_II/ns	u_II/(m·s^-1)
HNS-IV:Binder=98:2	ϕ3×2.14mm,1200V	1.445 ±0.003	21.1	925	70.6	633
	ϕ3×2.13mm,1500V		21.4	891	66.6	648
	ϕ3×3.04mm,1500V		20.6	944	64.6	652
HNS-IV	ϕ3×1.76mm,1500V	1.50 ±0.005	22.1	904	72.0	667
HNS-IV	ϕ3×2.11mm,1200V	1.50 ±0.005	20.6	942	67.9	671

Table 5 Parameters of detonation reaction rate equation for HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive

I	a	b	x	G₁	c	d	y
1000000	0.100	0.667	8	860	0.667	0.667	1.0
G₂	e	g	z	F_igmax	$F G 1 m a x$	$F G 2 m i n$
10000	0.667	0.667	3.0	0.08	1.0	0.0

Table 5 Parameters of detonation reaction rate equation for HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive

I	a	b	x	G₁	c	d	y
1000000	0.100	0.667	8	860	0.667	0.667	1.0
G₂	e	g	z	F_igmax	$F G 1 m a x$	$F G 2 m i n$
10000	0.667	0.667	3.0	0.08	1.0	0.0

Fig.12 Comparison of numerical simulated interfacial particle velocities with experimental results

Fig.13 Pressure at the middle of small-sized charge/window interface

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