A Discussion on Key Issues and Technologies of Aircraft Swarm Safety Control

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0215

Abstract

Abstract:

The aircraft swarm represents a significant novel force in modern military confrontations and social activities However,the flight safety of aircraft swarm is challenged by complicated airspace circumstances,dynamic flight conflicts and constrained information acquisition.Safety control is essential to guarantee the effective collaboration of aircraft swarm.The key issues of safety control are summarized from the two perspectives of space-time and information according to the characteristics of aircraft swarm and mission scenarios.A research framework of aircraft swarm safety control is proposed based on the observation-orientation-decision-action (OODA) loop.The related concepts,model description and effectiveness evaluation of swarm safety are discussed from the unstructured flight environment,motion behavior,restricted interaction and uncertain state estimation,and the safety control scheme and crucial technologies of aircraft swarm are elaborated.The future intelligent development of aircraft swarm safety control is discussed to provide the reference and inspiration for building a more perfect safety control technology system.

Key words: aircraft swarm, safety control, swarm control, cooperative trajectory planning, ad-hoc network

CLC Number:

V249

QIN Boyu, ZHANG Dong, TANG Shuo. A Discussion on Key Issues and Technologies of Aircraft Swarm Safety Control[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240215-.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1 The main characteristics and safety problems of aircraft swarm

Fig.2 Research framework of safety control for aircraft swarm

Fig.3 The generation procedure of safety flight corridor[16]

Fig.4 The safety flight corridor with sphere subareas[19]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of virtual tubes[24-26]

Fig.6 Parameterized description of virtual tube[29]

Fig.7 Safety airspace of single aircraft in different scenarios

Table 1 Comparison of motion safety domain models

模型类别	适用问题	优势	劣势	应用场景
速度障碍模型	运动学问题	模型简单,实时性好,基于局部信息即可运行	缺乏严谨理论分析,对动力学复杂的运动体适用性差,可能出现振荡或死锁	近距碰撞检测与轨迹冲突预警
控制障碍函数	运动学问题、动力学问题	适应集中式和分布式等多种模式的复杂系统,约束性强,可与其他控制律结合	构造难度大,需要详细理论分析,可能出现过约束导致无解	安全机动控制与轨迹优化

Fig.8 Velocity obstacle and its derivative models

Fig.9 Motion safety domain model of aircraft swarm based on SBC

Fig.10 Limited interaction models of aircraft swarm

Table 2 Comparison of limited interaction models

模型类别	适用问题	模型特点	应用场景
基于自组织规则	交互连通安全状态的理论分析	能够模拟自组织规则约束下的交互过程	连通保持控制
基于物理性能	交互连通安全状态的工程分析与应用	能够模拟设备物理约束下的交互过程	拓扑抗毁设计、连通保持控制
基于随机网络	交互连通安全状态的工程分析与应用	能够模拟随机连接规则下的交互过程	交互网络断连检测与重构

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of information transfer of aircraft swarm system under the conditions of data loss and external attack

Fig.12 Factor graph of uncertain information of aircraft swarm

Fig.13 The distribution function of obstacle in unstructured environment

Fig.14 Relative motion of a pair of aircrafts

Fig.15 Safety control scheme for aircraft swarm

Fig.16 The distance-based layered early warning mechanism

Fig.17 VO-based close collision warning

Fig.18 Prediction-based trajectory conflict warning

Fig.19 Geometric-detection-based path obstacle warning

Fig.20 The crucial technologies of multi-step control for the information security of aircraft swarm

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