Hazard Evaluation Method for Burning Explosives Production Equipment

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1218

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to meet the urgent need of factories to carry out the safety and risk classification and grading management for burning explosives production equipment, a risk probability and risk consequence evaluation system for the production equipment is established based on the existing risk evaluation theory according to the characteristics of military industry. The correction and quantification methods are studied for the comprehensive influencing factors, such as energetic materials, production process, equipment, safety and compensation measures,and accident consequences, and the analysis process and calculation method are established for the mechanical hazard coefficient of production equipment, the hazard coefficient of control system and the evaluation indexes of risk and consequence under the condition of the combustion and explosion shockwave. The correction coefficients of the danger of production process, the casualties and the real danger are introduced to form a new hazard evaluation methodby us for burning explosives production equipment. On this basis, 52 production equipment in typical production lines are selected for the analysis and verification of risk evaluation. The results of equipment measurement and grading coincide with the existing equipment risk management level of a production unit by 100%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method for evaluating the risk of the production equipment.The hazard evaluation method for burning explosives production equipment can effectively support the military enterprises to carry out the lean and professional management of the safety and risk of the production equipment.

Key words: burning explosive, risk evaluation, classification and grading, safety assessment

CLC Number:

TJ55
TH17

WANG Fuan, ZHAO Yuanyuan, SUN Cheng, WU Siqi, GUO Jinqiu. Hazard Evaluation Method for Burning Explosives Production Equipment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 331-338.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Equipment classification and grading evaluation form

危险指数	设备等级
>250	0级设备
150~250	I级设备
75~150	II级设备
<75	III级设备

Table 2 Value table of hazard correction factors for production processes

生产工序工房危险等级	λ₁
A	1.2
B	1.0
C₁	0.95
C₂	0.9
D	0.8

Fig.1 Risk assessment process for flammable and explosive hazards

Table 3 Calculation coefficients for overpressure in different environments

参数	无限空间	刚性地面	普通土壤地面
a	0.84	1.06	1.02
b	2.70	4.30	3.99
c	7.0	14.0	12.6

Table 4 The relationship between air shock wave overpressure and proportional distance

$R ¯$ /(m·kg^-1/3)	Δp/MPa
3.0	0.1350
3.5	0.0981
4.0	0.0753
4.5	0.0602
5	0.0496
6	0.0361
7	0.0280
8	0.0227
9	0.0190

Table 4 The relationship between air shock wave overpressure and proportional distance

$R ¯$ /(m·kg^-1/3)	Δp/MPa
3.0	0.1350
3.5	0.0981
4.0	0.0753
4.5	0.0602
5	0.0496
6	0.0361
7	0.0280
8	0.0227
9	0.0190

Table 5 Possible consequences and score values of accidents

设备事故后果分值	事故的可能后果
设备事故后果分值	人员伤害	财产损失
40	死亡人数3~9人,或10~49人重伤	1000万以上
15	死亡人数2人,或6~9人重伤	800~1000万
10	死亡人数1人,或3~6人重伤	500~800万
7	2人重伤	300~500万
5	1人重伤	100~300万
3	轻微	小于100万

Fig.2 Calculation table for hazard assessment of a mixing device in a production line of a plant

References 22

[1]	李靖, 赵龙江. 飞航导弹研制企业安全控制要素研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2009, 30(增刊1): 106-109.
	LI J, ZHAO L J. Research on safety control factors of winging missile developing enterprises[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2009, 30(S1): 106-109. (in Chinese)
[2]	李春光. 火炸药安全技术历史及发展趋势[J]. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(2): I0011.
	LI C G. History and development trend of safety technology for explosives and propellants[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(2): I0011. (in Chinese)
[3]	何爱军, 刘银莲, 于靖, 等. 智能物流装备在火炸药行业黑灯工厂中的应用[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(增刊1):196-208.
	HE A J, LIU Y L, YU J. Application of intelligent logistics equipment in dark factory of explosive production[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 196-208. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.1000
[4]	SCAIFE A D. Improve predictive maintenance through the application of artificial intelligence: a systematic review[J]. Results in Engineering, 2024, 21: 101645.
[5]	LI D Q, LIU P, HUANG G T H, et al. Design and application of intelligent equipment management platform[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1983(1): 012098.
[6]	全国机械安全标准化技术委员会. 机械安全点燃危险的风险评估: GB/T38367[S]. 北京: 国家市场化监督管理局, 国家标准化管理委员会, 2020: 1-12.
	National Machinery Safety Standardization Technical Committee. Safety of machinery-risk assessment for ignition hazard: GB/T38367[S]. Beijing: State Administration for Supervision of Marketization, State Standardization Administration, 2020: 1-12. (in Chinese)
[7]	徐一星, 范景春, 王如君, 等. 危化企业双重预防工作风险管控单元分级探讨[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2021, 17(增刊1): 149-154.
	XU Y X, FAN J C, WANG R J, et al. Study on the classification of risk management and control units for dual prevention work in hazardous chemical enterprises[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2021, 17(S1): 149-154. (in Chinese)
[8]	孙华山. 安全生产风险管理[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2006: 3-24.
	SUN H S. Safety production risk management[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2006: 3-24. (in Chinese)
[9]	TIAN D H, YANG B W, CHEN J H, et al. A multi-experts and multi-criteria risk assessment model for safety risks in oil and gas industry integrating risk attitudes[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2018, 156: 62-73.
[10]	OLDŘICH Š, ANDREJ L. Progressing the aerospace performance factor toward nonlinear interactions[J]. Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of The Society For Risk Analysis, 2022, 42(10): 121-130.
[11]	张学智, 王文浩, 刁秀蒙. 基于道化学火灾爆炸危险指数法的异丁烯罐区火灾爆炸事故后果研究[J]. 南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 55(5): 1-7,14.
	ZHANG X Z, WANG W H, DIAO X M, et al. Study on the consequences of fire and explosion accidents in isobutylene tank farm by using dow chemical fire and explosion risk index[J]. Acta ScientiarumNaturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2022, 55(5): 1-7,14. (in Chinese)
[12]	陈淋. 基于ICI蒙德法的氟化企业生产装置毒性危险性定量分析[J]. 化学工程与装备, 2023(1): 239-243.
	CHEN L. Toxic hazard quantitative analysis from fluorination plants based on ICI Mond[J]. Chemical Engineering & Equipment, 2023(1): 239-243. (in Chinese)
[13]	张国顺. 火炸药、弹药工厂和企业中重大事故隐患的定量评估:爆炸危险源系统的现实危险度方程[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 1992, 2: 48-56.
	ZHANG G S. Quantitative evaluation on the potential risk of serious accidents in propellant explosive and ammunition factoriesand and enterpris: esequation for the degree ofactual hazard (dah) in systems with dangerous sources of explosions[J]. China Safety Science, 1992, 2: 48-56. (in Chinese)
[14]	张育林, 祁金伟, 李小虎, 等. 混合火炸药改进型 BZA-2 评估方法[J]. 火工品, 2016, 3: 51-53.
	ZHANG Y L, QI J W, LI X H, et al. Improved BZA-2 evaluation method for mixed explosives system[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2016, 3: 51-53. (in Chinese)
[15]	张国顺, 王泽溥. 火炸药及其制品燃烧爆炸事故及其预防措施[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2009: 1084-1103.
	ZHANG G S, WANG Z P. Combustion and explosion accidents of explosives and their products and their preventive measures[M]. Beijing: Ordnance Industry Press, 2009: 1094-1103. (in Chinese)
[16]	许诚, 王彬, 刘红利, 等. 2,6-二苦氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶合成过程硝化反应安全风险分析[J]. 火炸药学报, 2023, 46(1): 85-90. doi: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202208002
	XU C, WANG B, LIU H L, et al. Security risk analysis of the nitration in the synthesis process for 2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2023, 46(1): 85-90. (in Chinese)
[17]	YAO H, NI L, LIU Y S, et al. Process hazard and thermal risk evaluation of m-xylene nitration with mixed acid[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 175: 238-250.
[18]	王庆锋, 高金吉. 过程工业动态的以可靠性为中心的维修研究及应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2012, 48(8):135-143.
	WANG Q F, GAO J J. Research and application of dynamic reliability centered maintenance for process industry[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 48(8): 135-143. (in Chinese)
[19]	WANG L Q, SHANG F. Influence of landform on the pressure distribution of explosion shock wave[J]. Journal of Measurements in Engineering, 2023, 11(2): 83-96.
[20]	王泽溥, 郑志良. 爆炸及其防护[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2008: 62-179.
	WANG Z P, ZHENG Z L. Explosion and protection[M]. Beijing: Ordnance Industry Press, 2008: 62-179. (in Chinese)
[21]	XI H Z, KONG D R, LE G G, et al. Prediction model of peak overpressure in two-dimensional field of near-earth air blast shock wave[J]. Shock Waves, 2022, 32(2): 147-159.
[22]	ZHANG X B, WANG H, YANG M, et al. Application of a simulation method for the shock wave propagation law of gas explosion[J]. ACS omega, 2022, 7(35): 31047-31058. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03064 pmid: 36092632