Protection Performance of SiC/UHMWPE Bulletproof Insert Plate with Biomimetic Topology Interlocking Configuration-based Ceramic Assembly

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0457

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of the lack of structural synergy between ceramic plates in existing spliced ceramic bulletproof plates and the poor dissipation of impact energy,a biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic splicing scheme based on the exoskeletal structure of phloeodes diabolicus is designed.The numerical simulation research is made on the protective performance of the designed bulletproof plates under the impact of bullets. A non-standard bulletproof ceramic plate with a phloeodes diabolicus exoskeletal structure is designed based on the microstructure of biological materials and the principle of topological interlocking in engineering structures.The accuracy of the simulation model is verified through 3D-DIC testing,and the penetrations of 5.8mm DBP 10 rifle bullets into square,hexagonal and biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic spliced bulletproof plates are simulated.The results show that the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic blocks can effectively enable the surrounding ceramics to dissipate the impact energy,The back bulge height of the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic bulletproof insert after being penetrated is reduced by approximately 8% compared to that of the hexagonal ceramic bulletproof insert.An individual soldier protective insert plate based on the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic configuration is designed,and the numerical simulations are conducted on the blunt trauma effects of M80 rifle bullet penetrating the human torso of the protected individual soldier.The results indicate that the blunt trauma energy is primarily borne by the muscles and thoracic ribs,and the peak stress on thoracic ribs reaches 30.7MPa,which potentially leads to bone fractures.The maximum stress in the heart is 930.2kPa,and the maximum stress in the lungs is 777.5kPa,potentially causing myocardial injury and lung soft tissue contusion.

Key words: bulletproof insert, bionics, topological interlocking, blunt impact effect

CLC Number:

TJ012.4

QIAN Haocheng, WEN Yaoke, WANG Meng, LUO Xiaohao, WANG Huicheng, NIE Weixiao, FENG Zhiyan, TONG Liangcheng. Protection Performance of SiC/UHMWPE Bulletproof Insert Plate with Biomimetic Topology Interlocking Configuration-based Ceramic Assembly[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240457-.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig.1 Microstructure of phloeodes diabolicus exoskeleton[13]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic plate

Fig.3 FEMs of three ceramic plate schemes

Fig.4 FEM for rifle bullet penetrating into biomimetic topological interlocking bulletproof plate

Table 1 JHB constitutive parameters for SiC ceramics[15]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	3.16	K₁/MPa	204785
G/GPa	100	K₂/MPa	0
σ_i/GPa	4.92	$σ i m a x$ /GPa	12.2
p_i/GPa	1.5	$σ f m a x$ /GPa	0.2
σ_f/GPa	0.1	$ε p, m a x f$	999
p_f/GPa	0.25	D₁	0.16
T_max/GPa	0.75	D₂	1.0
C	0.009	β	1.0

Table 1 JHB constitutive parameters for SiC ceramics[15]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	3.16	K₁/MPa	204785
G/GPa	100	K₂/MPa	0
σ_i/GPa	4.92	$σ i m a x$ /GPa	12.2
p_i/GPa	1.5	$σ f m a x$ /GPa	0.2
σ_f/GPa	0.1	$ε p, m a x f$	999
p_f/GPa	0.25	D₁	0.16
T_max/GPa	0.75	D₂	1.0
C	0.009	β	1.0

Table 2 Material parameters of UHMWPE[16]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	0.97	G₁₂/MPa	15
E₁/MPa	25000	G₁₃/MPa	3000
E₂/MPa	25000	G₂₃/MPa	3000
E₃/MPa	8000	X_1t/MPa	1250
ν₁₂	0.006	X_2c/MPa	1250
ν₁₃	0.06	X_3c/MPa	1250
ν₂₃	0.06	X_3t/MPa	650

Table 3 Constitutive parameters for cohesive layers[17]

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E_nn/MPa	E_ss/MPa	E_tt/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
2	400	689	689	1
$t s 0$ /MPa	$t t 0$ /MPa	$G n C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G s C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G t C$ /(J·mm^-2)
1.6	1.6	0.5	1	1

Table 3 Constitutive parameters for cohesive layers[17]

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E_nn/MPa	E_ss/MPa	E_tt/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
2	400	689	689	1
$t s 0$ /MPa	$t t 0$ /MPa	$G n C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G s C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G t C$ /(J·mm^-2)
1.6	1.6	0.5	1	1

Table 4 Material parameters of 5.8mm DBP10 rifle bullet[18-19]

参数	钢芯	背甲	铅套
ρ(g·cm^-3)	7.83	7.92	11.34
G/GPa	77	77	17
T/K	293	293	294
T_m/K	1793	1793	600
A/MPa	792	300	14
B/MPa	510	275	18
n	0.26	0.15	0.69
C	0.28	0.014	0.035
m	1.03	1.09	1.68

Fig.5 Comparison of maximum BFD heights of experimental and simulated bulletproof insert plates

Fig.6 Comparison between vertical experimental and simulated results

Fig.7 Changes in BFD heights of ceramic bulletproof insert plates with three different structures under bullet impact

Fig.8 Stress distribution on the back of ceramic plates in three schemes

Fig.9 Crack propagations of central ceramic blocks in three schemes

Fig.10 Wearing a new type of protective human body target model

Fig.11 FEM of human body target

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of chest target model and incident angle

Table 5 Linear elastic tissue material parameters[22]

器官	密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	杨氏模量E/MPa	泊松比ν
肌肉	1.2	16.32	0.42
肋骨	1.412	6500	0.22
肋软骨	1.07	2.5	0.4
脊柱	1.33	355	0.26
椎间盘	1.2	4.2	0.45

Table 6 Visco-hyperelastic material parameters[23]

密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	C₀₁	C₁₀	B₁	阶数	g	τ
1.2	0.8	-0.4	2.19	1	0.8682	0.005
				2	0.04379	0.07995
1.06	0.003447	0.0031	913	1	0.52826	0.008
				2	0.301889	0.15

Fig.13 Cross-sectional view of chest movement trends under bullet impact

Fig.14 Process of chest muscles compression

Fig.15 Transmission of pressure waves in the chest

Fig.16 Evolution of strain in the sternum and ribs

Fig.17 Evolution of stress in the heart

Fig.18 Evolution of stress in the lungs

Table 7 Extent of camage to major organs in the chest

器官	损伤程度	损伤判据
肌肉	一段时间后可恢复	压缩量小于20%
胸骨和肋骨	弹着点后方胸骨可能轻微骨裂	等效应变小于0.02
心脏	可能造成心肌损伤	主应力大于300kPa
肺脏	可能使肺部软组织发生挫伤	主应力大于240kPa

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