A Measuring Method for Muzzle Velocity of Gun under Strong Smoke Interference

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0160

Abstract

Abstract:

The velocity measurement of bullet at the muzzle is easily affected by the complex environment such as smoke and dust,which can not correctly interpret the characteristics of bullet and calculate its muzzle velocity.A saturation photoelectric detection technology is proposed.The theoretical simulation shows that the minimum transmittance of 637nm laser is about 4.2% under the model of rapid diffusion of smoke in a small space,and the circuit photocurrent amplification is 10000 and 15000 times,ensuring that the circuit remains saturated at the lowest transmittance.A high-precision bullet characteristic time extraction algorithm based on the characteristic waveform of bullet is designed according to the output waveform of the circuit.The saturated photoelectric detection technology can be used to effectively measure the time relationship between the bullet and the smoke passing through the laser beam under the interference of strong muzzle smoke,and the high-precision characteristic time extraction algorithm based on the time of bullet and tail crossing the target can accurately calculate the time of bullet crossing the target.The combination of the detection technology and the extraction algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of the calculated results of bullet muzzle velocity.The results show that this method can accurately calculate the muzzle velocity value of bullet,and the velocity error of multiple calculations is less than 0.5%.

Key words: bullet muzzle velocity, laser target, muzzle smoke, circuit design, feature extraction

CLC Number:

TJ206

LUAN Yongchao, ZHANG Bin, LI Chenkai, CHU Wenbo, ZHAO Dong’e. A Measuring Method for Muzzle Velocity of Gun under Strong Smoke Interference[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240160-.

Figures/Tables 18

References 30

[1]	陈尧禹, 蒋海燕, 仲凯, 等. 破片飞散方向区截测试方法[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2022, 43(2):78-84.
	CHEN Y Y, JIANG H Y, ZHONG K, et al. Zone-block test method for scattering direction of fragments[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2022, 43(2):78-84. (in Chinese)
[2]	KUNZEL M, KUCERA J, KVAPIL J, et al. Simple flash screens for shaped charge jet and flyer velocity measurements[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2020, 32(3):035904.
[3]	WU Y C, YOON D J, BURNETT K, et al. Picking up speed:continuous-time lidar-only odometry using doppler velocity measurements[J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2022, 8(1):264-271.
[4]	GILSON L, IMAD A, RABET L, et al. Real-time measurement of projectile velocity in a ballistic fabric with a high-frequency Doppler radar[J]. Experimental Mechanics, 2021, 61:533-547.
[5]	张艳艳, 巩轲, 何淑芳, 等. 激光多普勒测速技术进展[J]. 激光与红外, 2010, 40(11):1157-1162.
	ZHANG Y Y, GONG K, HE S F, et al. Progress in laser Doppler velocity measurement techniques[J]. Laser & Infrared, 2010, 40(11):1157-1162. (in Chinese)
[6]	杜亮亮, 钱伟新, 刘寿先, 等. 冲击波与爆轰实验瞬态光电测试技术研究进展[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12):3622-3640. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0361
	DU L L, QIAN W X, LIU S X, et al. Research progress of transient photoelectric measurement technology for shock wave and detonation physics experiments[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12):3622-3640. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0361
[7]	赵奇峰, 李进, 李运良, 等. 基于高速摄影图像的轻气炮弹速测量研究[J]. 计算机测量与控制, 2021, 29(11):132-136.
	ZHAO Q F, LI J, LI Y L, et al. Study on velocity measurement of light gas projectile based on high speed photographic images[J]. Computer Measurement & Control, 21, 29(11):132-136. (in Chinese)
[8]	吕琼莹, 谢缘, 穆国振, 等. 基于单帧多次局部曝光的测速方法[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2020, 57(22):352-361.
	LÜ Q Y, XIE Y, MU G Z, et al. Velocity measurement method based on single-frame multiple local exposures[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 57(22):352-361. (in Chinese)
[9]	裴东兴, 王文武, 崔春生. 利用转速测试弹丸炮口速度的方法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2013, 34(1):125-128. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.01.021
	PEI D X, WANG W W, CUI C S. Study on projectile muzzle velocity measurement based on rotational speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2013, 34(1):125-128. (in Chinese)
[10]	LI H S. Research on a new photoelectric detection method to anti muzzle’s flame or light disturbance and projectile’s information recognition in photoelectric detection target[J]. Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials-rapid Communications, 2014, 8(7/8):653-658.
[11]	YUAN H W, CHEN H J, LI H J, et al. A lightweight and precise muzzle velocity measurement method based on geomagnetic sensor in complex environment[C]// Proceedings of the 2023 2nd International Symposium on Sensor Technology and Control. Hangzhou,China: IEEE, 2023:59-62.
[12]	CHEN R L, CAI R, JI B W. Projectile flight parameters measurement method based on the spatial distribution of light-screen thickness[J]. Measurement, 2022, 195:111143.
[13]	YANG X D, LI H, DONG Q F, et al. Research on attenuation motion test at oblique incidence based on double-N six-light-screen system[J]. Open Physics, 2022, 20(1):1313-1320.
[14]	LI H S, ZHANG X Q. A temporal-spatio detection model and contrast calculation method on new active sky screen with high-power laser[J]. Optik, 2022, 269:169935.
[15]	LI H, NI J P, YANG X D, et al. Test influence of screen thickness on double-N six-light-screen sky screen target[J]. Open Physics, 2022, 20(1):1-8.
[16]	张斌, 李佳潞, 赵冬娥, 等. 基于小波滤波及相关分析的激光光幕破片测速信号数据处理[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(3):489-495. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.03.014
	ZHANG B, LI J L, ZHAO D E, et al. Signal processing of laser screen fragments velocity measurement based on wavelet transform and correlation analysis[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(3):489-495. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.03.014
[17]	LI H S. Recognition model and algorithm of projectiles by combining particle swarm optimization support vector and spatial-temporal constrain[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 27:273-283.
[18]	LI H S, LI M, MA Y L, et al. A variational mode decomposition projectile signal processing algorithm of infrared sky screen velocity measurement system and detection mathematical model of detection screen[J]. Optik, 2023, 287:171077.
[19]	GAO J C, ZHANG X Q. An information recognition and time extraction method of tracking a flying target with a sky screen sensor based on wavelet modulus maxima theory[J]. Mathematics, 2023, 11(18):3936.
[20]	LI H S, GUAN H. Target’s laser radiation energy calculation and detection performance in laser-screen[J]. Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials-Rapid Communications, 2021, 15(11/12):578-585.
[21]	CHU W B, ZHANG B, LIU B, et al. An optoelectronic targeting system for measuring the distribution of projectile motion based on the subdivision of a light screen[J]. Photonics, 2019, 6(4):126.
[22]	YUAN H H, CHEN Y P. Development of a high-performance readout circuit for photoelectric detectors[J]. AIP Advances, 2020, 10(10):105026.
[23]	ZHU L K, JIA F X, JIANG X D, et al. Photoelectric detection technology of laser seeker signals[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 30(6):1064-1073. doi: 10.21629/JSEE.2019.06.02
[24]	DONG T, YANG J Q, CHEN D, et al. Analysis of the capture rate of barrel weapon test based on laser screen velocity measurement system[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9:9636-9642.
[25]	裴梓伊, 胡朋兵, 潘孙强, 等. TDLAS气体激光遥测高灵敏光电探测电路设计[J]. 中国光学, 2024, 17(1):198-208.
	PEI Z Y, HU P B, PAN S Q, et al. Design of a highly sensitive photoelectric detection circuit for TDLAS gas laser telemetry[J]. Chinese Optics, 2024, 17(1):198-208. (in Chinese)
[26]	何昌辉, 王琼林, 刘少武, 等. 发射药及装药燃烧残渣的研究进展[J]. 火炸药学报, 2017, 40(2):10-18. doi: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.2017.02.002
	HE C H, WANG Q L, LIU S W, et al. Research progress on gun propellant and charge combustion residue[J]. Journal of Explosives and Explosives, 2017, 40(2):10-18. (in Chinese)
[27]	郑文芳. 身管武器发射装药燃烧残渣的形成特征研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2011.
	ZHENG W F. Study on the formation characteristics of combustion residue in barrel weapon firing charge[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2011. (in Chinese)
[28]	ENWU D, JIAN J, JIANNAN L, et al. Methods and research on detection of transmittance of muzzle smoke[C]// Proceedings of the 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments. Changsha,China: IEEE, 2019:942-948.
[29]	曹爽, 韩冰, 朱建华, 等. 黄东海悬浮颗粒物质量比后向散射特性Mie理论模拟与实证分析[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2022, 59(13):101-111.
	CAO S, HAN B, ZHU J H, et al. Mie theory simulation and empirical analysis of mass-specific backscattering properties of suspended particles in the yellow and east china seas[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(13):101-111. (in Chinese)
[30]	冯继青, 高春清, 刘义东, 等. 激光对于烟雾的穿透特性分析[J]. 光学技术, 2006, 32(6):883-885.
	FENG J Q, GAO C Q, LIU Y D, et al. Analysis of the characteristic of laser transmitting in smog[J]. Optical Technique, 2006, 32(6):883-885. (in Chinese)

放大倍数	引起输出变化的最小激光功率/mW	对应光电流/μA
2000	21	5197.50
5000	9.6	2376.00
10000	4.7	1163.25
15000	2.7	668.25

放大倍数	引起输出变化的最小激光功率/mW	对应光电流/μA
2000	21	5197.50
5000	9.6	2376.00
10000	4.7	1163.25
15000	2.7	668.25

子弹波形脉宽/μs	烟雾到达激光的时刻/μs	子弹到达激光的时刻/μs	时间差/μs
42.8	999.5	1032.5	33
46.0	1000.0	1036.0	36
41.5	999.5	1035.5	36
42.5	999.5	1035.5	36

子弹波形脉宽/μs	烟雾到达激光的时刻/μs	子弹到达激光的时刻/μs	时间差/μs
42.8	999.5	1032.5	33
46.0	1000.0	1036.0	36
41.5	999.5	1035.5	36
42.5	999.5	1035.5	36

子弹类型	子弹恰能完全遮挡激光光束的时刻
子弹类型	1、3通道速度/ (m·s^-1)	2、4通道速度/ (m·s^-1)	平均值/ (m·s^-1)	差值/ (m·s^-1)
子弹A	730.34	728.64	729.49	1.70
	720.62	719.60	720.11	1.02
	734.46	732.32	733.39	2.14
子弹B	978.00	982.80	980.4	4.81
	997.51	1001.11	999.31	3.60
	995.02	998.75	996.89	3.73
	984.01	984.01	984.01	0.00