Penetration Characteristics and Plate Failure Modes of Asymmetrically Shaped Projectiles Penetrating Thin Metal Targets

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0724

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to support the theoretical design of terminal damage of hypersonic missile and the basic theory of armor-piercing mechanics of special-shaped projectile, the penetration ability of asymmetrically shaped projectile penetrating metal target and the damage mechanism of target plate need to be solved. The velocity variation and deflection characteristics of the projectile are analyzed through the experiment of asymmetrically shaped projectile penetrating the multi-layer spaced 921A steel plate and the numerical simulation based on Abaqus/Explicit, VUMAT and Python subroutines. The damage mechanism of target plate is analyzed from damage morphology and energy dissipation, and the applicability of the research results in practical engineering application is discussed. The results show that the asymmetric structure has the ability to maintain the stability of projectile attitude. When the initial velocity is lower than 600 m/s, the velocity drop and the ballistic limit increase with the increase of the oblique angle, and the failure modes of the target plate are shear plugging, pealing and transverse deformation. When the initial velocity is higher than 600 m/s, the ballistic limit curves of different oblique angles overlap, the dimensionless velocity drop decreases with the increase of the initial velocity, and the failure mode of target plate changes to ductile enlargement, pealing and fragmentation. During the penetration progress, the tangential component of plastic work done has the largest proportion, the circumferential component is the smallest, and the axial and radial plastic works are similar. During the high-speed penetration, the kinetic energy of plate fragments is 25%-50% of the plastic work done. The scaled model based on geometric similarity can reflect the speed change of the prototype projectile during the high-speed penetration and the damage characteristics of trget plate.

Key words: asymmetrically shaped projectile, thin plate, residual velocity, failure mode

CLC Number:

O385

DENG Ximin, TIAN Ze, WU Haijun, WANG Hao, HUANG Fenglei. Penetration Characteristics and Plate Failure Modes of Asymmetrically Shaped Projectiles Penetrating Thin Metal Targets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3836-3850.

Figures/Tables 30

Fig.1 The geometry of the projectile

Fig.2 Test projectile and sabot

Fig.3 Photos of targets

Fig.4 Oblique penetration of projectile

Fig.5 Structural integrity of projectile after penetraring into a target

Table 1 Statistics of experimental results

序号	工况编号	类型	着靶速度/(m·s^-1)	倾角/(°)	出靶速度/(m·s^-1)	速度降/(m·s^-1)	平均速度降/( m·s^-1)
1	N1	三层正穿甲	1042.07	-2.32	955.87	86.20	28.73
2	O1	两层斜穿甲	1038.67	30.20	967.56	71.11	35.56
3	O2		800.96	28.31	718.35	82.61	41.31

Fig.6 Sabot trajectory

Fig.7 Failure appearance of target

Fig.8 Grid model of target plate

Table 2 Material parameters of 921A

参数	数值	参数	数值
A/MPa	842	m	0.986
B/MPa	528	χ	0.9
n	0.587	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	7.85
C	0.024	c_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	452
E/GPa	201	D₁	0.268
v	0.33	D₂	1.621
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	0.001	D₃	-0.609
T₀/K	298	D₄	0.198
T_m/K	1765	ε_f,t	1.516

Table 2 Material parameters of 921A

参数	数值	参数	数值
A/MPa	842	m	0.986
B/MPa	528	χ	0.9
n	0.587	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	7.85
C	0.024	c_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	452
E/GPa	201	D₁	0.268
v	0.33	D₂	1.621
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	0.001	D₃	-0.609
T₀/K	298	D₄	0.198
T_m/K	1765	ε_f,t	1.516

Fig.9 VUMAT calculation process

Fig.10 Comparison of experimental[12] (left) and simulated(right) bullet holes

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and simulated results

序号	工况编号	弹体类型	工况类别	初速/ (m·s^-1)	剩余速度/(m·s^-1)		相对误差/%
序号	工况编号	弹体类型	工况类别	初速/ (m·s^-1)	实验值	仿真值	相对误差/%
1	N1	上下非对称	三层正穿甲	1042.07	955.87	952.14	-0.39
2	O1		两层斜穿甲	1038.67	967.56	978.07	1.09
3	O2			800.96	718.35	733.72	2.14
4		圆截面		293.24	261.23	267.90	2.55
5		椭圆变截面	两层正穿甲^[12]	260.03	239.16	225.17	-5.85
6				542.86	529.81	516.47	-2.52

Fig.11 Velocity of projectile penetrating multilayer targets

Fig.12 Time-history curves of impact and yaw angles (normal penetrating)

Fig.13 Time-history curve of impact and yaw angles (oblique penetrating)

Fig.14 Velocity of projectile penetrating a 10mm-thick steel plate

Fig.15 Relationship between velocity and impact angle

Fig.16 The damage of target subjected to normal penetration

Fig.17 Normal penetration process of projectile

Fig.18 Plastic deformation of target in the minor axis section

Fig.19 The deformation of target at different initial velocities

Fig.20 The damage of target subjected to oblique penetration

Fig.21 Olique penetration process of projectile

Fig.22 Relationship between volume of failure element and initial velocity

Table 4 Local response type of target

初速/ (m·s^-1)	倾角/(°)
初速/ (m·s^-1)	0	15	30	45
300	SP	SP	SP	SP
600	SP	SP	PD	PD
800	PD	PD	PD	PD
900	PD	PDF	PDF	PDF
1000	PDF	PDF	PDF	PDF
1100	PDF	PDF	PDF	PDF

Fig.23 Plastic work done of projectile penetrating a 10mm-thick steel plate

Fig.24 Kinetic energy and plastic work done of target fragments

Fig.25 Residual velocity of projectile

Table 5 Morphology of shell hole on 60mm-thick plate

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