Synthesis of Polycrystalline Diamond from Carbon Nanotubes Using Direct Detonation Method

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0268

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the phase transformation mechanism of carbon nanotubes during detonation, synthesis experiments were carried out using direct detonation method with carbon nanotubes as the additional carbon source. The detonation product was chemically purified. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the purified product, and it was found that the product consisted of diamond. The purified product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and after in-depth analysis, it was found that the carbon nanotubes transformed into diamond through solid in situ phase change during the detonation process. Multiple cores were observed on a carbon nanotube to form crystals at the same time. When adjacent crystals came into contact, crystal boundaries were formed, limiting growth in specific directions to form polycrystals. Depending on the circumferential, radial and axial dimensions of the formed diamond crystals, as well as the number and position of the crystals in the formed polycrystals, polycrystalline diamond particles of different shapes such as tubes, flakes, and blocks were obtained.

Key words: carbon nanotubes, polycrystalline diamond, direct detonation method, multi-core growth

SHANG Shiyuan, TONG Yi, WANG Zhichao, HUANG Fenglei. Synthesis of Polycrystalline Diamond from Carbon Nanotubes Using Direct Detonation Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1993-2001.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 XRD pattern of carbon nanotube 1

Fig.2 XRD pattern of carbon nanotube 2

Fig.3 TEM image of carbon nanotube 1

Fig.4 SEM images of carbon nanotube 2

Table1 Detonation synthesis experiment scheme

编号	外加碳源 (16%)	药柱直径/mm	药柱密度/ (g·cm^-3)	碳源质量/g	RDX 质量/g
1	碳纳米管1	30	1.12	21.89	114.91
2	碳纳米管2	30	1.15	21.89	114.91

Table 2 Results of the detonation synthesis experiment

编号	爆轰灰质量/g	爆轰灰与碳源质量之比/%	爆轰灰提纯得率/%	提纯产物与药柱质量之比/%	提纯产物与碳源质量之比/%
1	31.69	144.77	1.52	0.35	2.20
2	22.91	104.66	2.31	0.39	2.41

Fig.5 XRD pattern of the 1st group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.6 XRD pattern of the 2nd group of detonation soot purification products

Table 3 Experimental scheme of control groups

编号	外加碳源 (16%)	药柱直径/mm	药柱密度/ (g·cm^-3)	碳源质量/g	钝感RDX 质量/g
3	无	50	1.5	0	706.86
4	石墨	50	1.48	74.72	392.26

Table 4 Experimental results of control groups

编号	爆轰灰质量/g	爆轰灰与碳源质量之比/%	爆轰灰提纯得率/%	提纯产物与药柱质量之比/%	提纯产物与碳源质量之比/%
3	67.97		8.61	0.83
4	110.10	147.36	10.57	2.49	15.57

Fig.7 XRD pattern of the 3rd group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.8 XRD pattern of the 4th group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.9 SEM images of the 3rd group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.10 SEM images of the 1st group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.11 SEM images of the 2rd group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.12 SEM images of the 4th group of detonation soot purification products

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of partial transformation of carbon nanotube into diamond (shaded parts indicate the diamond structure)

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of carbon nanotubes transform into tubular diamonds (shaded parts indicate the diamond structure)

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