活性壳体温压战斗部对相控阵雷达天线的毁伤效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0895

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究活性壳体与温压炸药组合战斗部的威力,以及对相控阵雷达天线靶标的毁伤效应,以期提升对其的毁伤效果,并为相关战斗部设计提供支撑。设计活性壳体、20号钢壳体2种同尺寸结构温压战斗部,进行战斗部毁伤模拟相控阵雷达天线靶标试验,测试并分析火球温度、冲击波、靶标介质棒损坏比例等数据。试验结果表明:相同尺寸结构和装药量下,相对钢壳战斗部,活性壳体战斗部火球最高温度提高14.9%、500℃以上火球面积增加20%~50%,冲击波比冲量始终高于钢壳战斗部,对8m处靶标的毁伤程度提升15.5%;温压战斗部可通过自然破片和冲击波毁伤靶标,冲击波能够造成介质棒大面积脱落,基于试验结果分析,对于54.8%以上阵面辐射单元毁伤,冲击波比冲量应达到142.5Pa·s以上。

关键词: 活性壳体, 温压炸药, 相控阵雷达天线, 毁伤效应

Abstract:

The power of a warhead composed of reactive shell and thermobaric explosive and its damage effects on phased-array radar antenna are studied to enhance the destructive effects and provide support for the design of relevant warheads. Two kinds of thermobaric warheads with reactive casing and 20 steel casing, which have the same size, are designed. Damage effect tests are conducted on a simulated phased-array radar antenna target. The fireball temperature, shock wave, and target dielectric rod damage ratio are test and analyzed. The following findings were observed through a comparative analysis: For warheads with the same size and explosive charge, the warhead with reactive casing exhibits a 14.90% increase in the maximum temperature and a 20%-50% increase in the area of fireball above 500℃, as compared to the warhead with steel casing. Additionally, the specific impulse of warhead with reactive casing is always higher than that of warhead with steel casing, resulting in a 15.5% increase in the level of damage to a target at a distance of 8 m. Thermobaric warheads can cause damage to a target through natural fragments and shock waves. The shock wave can induce a widespread disintegration of the dielectric rods. And the linear relationship between specific impulse and the damage degree of target is significant. Specific impulse can be used as a criterion parameter to judge the damage of phased array radar antenna. It can be seen from the test analysis that the specific impulse of shock wave should exceed 142.5Pa·s in order to achieve damage to more than 54.8% of the arrayed units.

Key words: reactive casing, thermobaric explosive, phased-array radar antenna, damage efficiency

中图分类号:

TJ413⁺.1

焦晓龙, 徐豫新, 吴宗娅, 周彤. 活性壳体温压战斗部对相控阵雷达天线的毁伤效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(6): 1725-1734.

JIAO Xiaolong, XU Yuxin, WU Zongya, ZHOU Tong. Damage Effect of Thermobaric Warhead with Reactive Casing on Phased-array Radar Antenna[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(6): 1725-1734.

图/表 20

图1 战斗部结构示意

Fig.1 Warhead structure scheme

表1 战斗部结构参数

Table 1 Structure parameters of warhead

战斗部类型	装药直径/ mm	装药高度/ mm	壳体厚度/ mm	壳体质量/kg	装填系数
SC	217	176	3	3.22	0.74
RC	217	177	3	2.78	0.76

表2 不同应变率下活性材料的反应行为

Table 2 Reaction behaviors of reactive material at different strain rates

图2 活性材料崩裂过程

Fig.2 Disintegrating process of reactive material

图3 回收的试样碎屑

Fig.3 Recovered debris

图4 靶标结构示意

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of target structure

图5 试验布置示意

Fig.5 Test layout

图6 战斗部爆炸过程

Fig.6 Explosion process of warhead

图7 爆炸火球温度和面积比时程曲线

Fig.7 Explosive fireball temperature and area ratio over time

表3 火球温度参数

Table 3 Parameters of fireball temperature

战斗部类型	温度第1波峰值/℃	第1波峰降温速度/ (℃·ms^-1)	温度第2波峰值/℃	第2波峰升温时间/ ms
SC	606.0	655.2	616.9	45.0
RC	656.1	369.9	709.0	95.5

图8 不同传感器测得的冲击波超压曲线

Fig.8 Shock wave overpressure curves measured by different sensors

表4 冲击波特征参数

Table 4 Shock wave characteristic parameters

离爆心距离/m	战斗部类型	超压峰值/ kPa		正压作用时间/ms		比冲量/ (Pa·s)
离爆心距离/m	战斗部类型	测试值	均值	测试值	均值	测试值	均值
5	SC	515.6	502.3	2.0	1.7	207.0	194.7
		502.2		1.6		191.2
		394.4		1.5		199.2
		597.1		1.7		181.2
	RC	368.7	420.4	1.7	1.6	222.3	203.3
		468.2		1.9		220.4
		382.1		1.5		200.6
		462.6		1.2		169.9
8	SC	86.7	133.2	4.6	4.9	109.0	142.5
		181.7		5.0		147.8
		140.9		4.9		152.3
		123.3		5.1		161.0
	RC	164.3	146.7	5.8	5.2	171.7	165.7
		137.8		4.6		157.9
		138.0		5.2		167.6

图9 超压峰值对比柱状图

Fig.9 Bar chart of peak overpressures

图10 正压作用时间对比柱状图

Fig.10 Bar chart of action time of positive pressure

图11 比冲量对比柱状图

Fig.11 Bar chart of specific impulse

图12 试验后介质棒状态

Fig.12 State of dielectric rod after test

图13 SC战斗部对靶标毁伤

Fig.13 Target damaged by warhead with steel casing

图14 RC战斗部对靶标毁伤

Fig.14 Target damaged by warhead with reactive casing

表5 介质棒损坏统计

Table 5 Statistics of dielectric rod damage

壳体	剩余数/ 枚	总数/ 枚	损坏数/ 枚	损坏比例/ %	比冲量/ (Pa·s)
SC	1851	4091	2240	54.8	142.5
RC	1503	4091	2588	63.3	165.7

图15 毁伤程度随超压峰值和比冲量变化曲线

Fig.15 Changing curve of damage degree with peak overpressure and specific impulse

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