基于美军两栖攻击舰的舰载反潜直升机离舰与着舰技术

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0812

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于美军两栖攻击舰舰载反潜直升机收放过程的技术发展趋势,对其相关方案和流程进行分析,围绕美军两栖攻击舰的收放过程技术展开,研究LHA和LHD两种类型两栖攻击舰的舰载直升机离舰起飞、登舰回收以及应急回收登舰的多项方案,挖掘美军舰载反潜直升机自主适用性技术,提炼出离舰起飞、回收、应急回收方法与航线。研究结果表明:“美军舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ”在100000架次的离舰仿真,无论飞行条件是目视飞行天气条件下,还是仪表飞行天气条件下,离舰起飞故障率均能控制在10‱以下,事故平均发生率基本为5‱;“美军舰载直升机回收方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ”在100000架次的离舰仿真,回收过程故障率均能控制在25‱以下;其中回收方案Ⅰ回收过程故障率均能控制在5‱以,回收方案Ⅱ回收过程故障率均能控制在15‱以下,回收方案Ⅲ回收过程故障率均能控制在20‱以下;应急回收方案回收过程故障率均能控制在25‱以下。

关键词: 美军两栖攻击舰, 反潜直升机, 离舰起飞, 回收, 应急回收

Abstract:

Based on the technological development trend of the stowage and release process of U.S. amphibious assault shipborne anti-submarine helicopter, its related programs and processes are analyzed, centering on the stowage and release process technology of U.S. amphibious assault ship. A number of programs for the shipborne helicopters of LHA and LHD ships, to depart from the ship for takeoff, embarkation and land on board, as well as the emergency land on board are studied. The mining of autonomous applicability technology is aimed at refining the off-ship takeoff, land on board, and emergency land on board methods and routes. The research results show that the accident rate of off-ship takeoffs can be controlled at less than 10‱ and the average accident rate is 5‱ under the visual flight weather condition or instrument flight weather condition in 100000 sorties off-ship simulations according to U.S. shipborne helicopter off-ship takeoff programs Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, In 100000 sorties off-ship simulation according to U.S. naval helicopter land on board program Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, the accident rate of land on board process can be controlled below 25‱; the accident rate of land on board process of the land on board program Ⅰ can be controlled to 5‱ or less; the accident rate of land on board process of the land on board program Ⅱ can be controlled to 15‱ or less; the accident rate of land on board process of the land on board program Ⅲ can be controlled to 20‱ or less; and the accident rate of land on board process of emergency land on board program can be controlled to 25‱ or less.

Key words: U.S. Army amphibious assault ship, anti-submarine helicopter, off-ship takeoff, land on board, emergency land on board

中图分类号:

E917

王冠, 卫宁, 郭育. 基于美军两栖攻击舰的舰载反潜直升机离舰与着舰技术[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S2): 199-208.

WANG Guan, WEI Ning, GUO Yu. Departure and Landing Technologies of Shipborne Antisubmarine Helicopter Based on the U.S. Army Amphibious Assault Ship[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S2): 199-208.

图/表 16

表1 美国海军现役两栖舰艇名录

Table 1 List of active amphibious ships of the United States Navy

级别/分类	现役数量	舰艇称	排水量/t
美国级两栖攻击舰^[9]	2	美国号(LHA-6)	45693
美国级两栖攻击舰^[9]	2	的黎波里号(LHA-7)	45693
黄蜂级两栖攻击舰^[10]	7	黄蜂号(LHD-1)	41150^[19]
		埃塞克斯号(LHD-2)
		基萨奇山号(LHD-3)
		拳师号(LHD-4)
		巴丹号(LHD-5)
		硫磺岛号(LHD-7)
		马金岛号(LHD-8)
圣安东尼奥级船坞登陆舰^[11]	12	圣安东尼奥号(LPD-17)	25300
		新奥尔良号(LPD-18)
		梅萨维德号(LPD-19)
		绿湾号(LPD-20)
		纽约号(LPD-21)
		圣地亚哥号(LPD-22)
		安克雷奇号(LPD-23)
		阿灵顿号(LPD-24)
		萨默塞特号(LPD-25)
		约翰·P·穆尔沙号(LPD-26)
		波特兰号(LPD-27)
		劳德代尔堡号(LPD-28)
哈伯斯费里级船坞登陆舰^[12]	4	哈伯斯费里号(LSD-49)	16740
		卡特霍尔号(LSD-50)
		奥克希尔号(LSD-51)
		珍珠港号(LSD-52)
惠德贝岛级船坞登陆舰^[13]	6	日耳曼城(LSD-42)	16195
		冈斯顿厅(LSD-44)
		康斯托克(LSD-45)
		托尔图加(LSD-46)
		拉什莫尔(LSD-47)
		阿希兰(LSD-48)
蓝岭级两栖指挥舰^[14]	2	蓝岭号	19176
蓝岭级两栖指挥舰^[14]	2	惠特尼山号	19176
蒙特福特角级机动登陆平台舰^[15]	2	蒙特福特角(T-ESD-1)	83000
蒙特福特角级机动登陆平台舰^[15]	2	约翰·格伦(T-ESD-2)	83000
刘易斯·B·普勒级远征移动基地舰^[16]	3	刘易斯·B·普勒(ESB-3)	79251
		赫谢尔·伍迪·威廉姆斯(ESB-4)
		米格尔·基思(ESB-5)
LCAC 气垫船^[17]	74^[18]	—	185

图1 美军舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅰ仿真实验结果

Fig.1 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter off-ship takeoff program Ⅰ

图2 美军舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅱ 仿真实验结果

Fig.2 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter off-ship takeoff programⅡ

图3 舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅲ起飞路线图

Fig.3 Takeoff roadmap of shipborne helicopter takeoff plan Ⅲ

图4 美军舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅲ仿真实验结果

Fig.4 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter off-ship takeoff program Ⅲ

图5 舰载直升机等待模式航线与登舰回收模式航线

Fig.5 Waiting and boarding land on board mode routes of shipborne helicopter

图6 夜间登舰回收模式航线

Fig.6 Night boarding land on board mode route

图7 美军舰载直升机登舰回收方案Ⅰ 仿真实验结果

Fig.7 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter boarding and land on board programⅠ

图8 美军舰载直升机登舰回收方案Ⅱ 仿真实验结果

Fig.8 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter boarding and land on board programⅡ

图9 本舰指挥登舰回收示意图

Fig.9 The ship command board land on board diagram

图10 美军舰载直升机登舰回收方案Ⅲ仿真实验结果

Fig.10 Simulation experiment results of U.S. shipboard helicopter boarding and land on board program Ⅲ

图11 舰载直升机应急回收登舰俯视图

Fig.11 Top view of emergency land on board of shipborne helicopter

图12 舰载直升机应急回收登舰侧视图

Fig.9 Side view of emergency land on board of shipborne helicopter

图13 美军舰载直升机应急回收登舰方案仿真实验结果

Fig.13 Results of simulation experiments on emergency land on board programs for U.S. Navy shipboard helicopters

图14 美军舰载直升机离舰起飞方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 仿真实结果拟合分析

Fig.14 Fitting analysis of simulated results of U.S. shipboard helicopter off-ship takeoff programsⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ

图15 美军舰载直升机离舰回收方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ与应急回收方案(Ⅳ)仿真实结果拟合分析

Fig.15 Fit analysis of simulation results of U.S. shipboard helicopter off-ship land on board programsⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and emergency land on board program (Ⅳ)

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