活性横向增强弹靶后横向效应实验与数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0537

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示活性横向增强弹(Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effect,PELE)的靶后横向增强机理,开展活性PELE冲击钢靶毁伤效应实验,在钢靶后设置效应铝靶,得到不同前置钢靶厚度条件下的穿孔毁伤情况。基于点火增长模型建立活性PELE冲击爆燃反应过程的两步仿真分析模型。综合实验和仿真对活性PELE在780m/s速度条件下冲击6~20mm厚度范围内钢靶的靶后横向增强效应进行讨论,从效应靶毁伤、芯体反应、波相互作用及壳体破片飞散4个方面进行深入分析。分析结果表明:仿真分析模型有效模拟了活性PELE冲击靶板的爆燃反应过程;靶板厚度对活性PELE在效应靶上的穿孔散布尺寸影响显著,随着靶板厚度的增加,活性PELE的靶后横向增强效应先增大后减小;活性芯体的爆燃反应释能使壳体最大径向速度提高了40%以上。

关键词: 活性横向增强弹, 活性材料, 冲击爆燃, 点火增长

Abstract:

To reveal the behind-plate enhanced lateral mechanism of reactive penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE), the damage effect experiment of reactive PELE impacting steel plate is made to obtain the perforation damage of witness aluminum plate set behind the steel plate under the conditions of different front steel plate thicknesses. A two-step numerical simulation model of reactive PELE impact-induced deflagration reaction is developed based on the ignition growth model. The behind-plate enhanced lateral effect of reactive PELE impacting a steel target with a thickness of 6-20mm at 780m/s velocity is discussed by experiment and simulation. The damage effect of witness aluminum plate, filling reaction, wave interaction and jacket fragments dispersion are analyzed. The results show that the numerical simulation model can effectively simulate the deflagration reaction of reactive PELE impacting plate. The perforation dispersion on the witness plate significantly depends on the front steel plate thickness, the behind-plate enhanced lateral effect of the reactive PELE increases first and then decreases with the increase in the plate thickness, and the released energy of the reactive filling increases the maximum radial velocity of jacket fragments by more than 40%.

Key words: reactive enhanced lateral effect penetrator, reactive material, impact-induced deflagration, ignition growth

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

张甲浩, 郭萌萌, 周晟, 余庆波. 活性横向增强弹靶后横向效应实验与数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2270-2281.

ZHANG Jiahao, GUO Mengmeng, ZHOU Sheng, YU Qingbo. Experimental and Numerical Research on Behind-plate Enhanced Lateral Effect of Reactive PELE[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2270-2281.

图/表 22

图1 活性PELE弹体结构

Fig.1 Reactive PELE projectile structure

表1 活性PELE弹体尺寸

Table 1 Structural parameters of reactive PELE

壳体长度 L_s/mm	壳体厚度 H_s/mm	壳体外径 R_O/mm	壳体内径 R_I/mm	芯体长度 L_I/mm	垫块长度 L_T/mm
68.5	4.5	25	16	60	4

图2 实验原理

Fig.2 Experimental layout

图3 数值仿真模型建立步骤

Fig.3 Eestablishment steps of numerical simulation model

图4 网格收敛性分析

Fig.4 Mesh convergence

表2 部分Johnson-Cook模型参数

Table 2 Main Johnson-Cook model parameters

参数	材料
参数	35CrMnSiA	4340钢	2A12	钨合金	PTFE/Al
A/MPa	1327	910	195	1070	8.044
B/MPa	1186	586	230	165	250.6
n	0.0034	0.26	0.31	0.11	1.8
c	0.017	0.014	0.42	0.0028	0.4
m	1.27	1.03	2.20	1	1
T_m/K	1775	1795	775	1723	500
D₁	2	-0.8	0.22	0	0.05
D₂	0	2.1	0.12	0.27	2.00
D₃	0	-0.5	2.8	-3.4	2.00
D₄	0	0.002	—	—	0.002
D₅	0	0.61	—	—	0.61

表3 IGNITION_ANG_GROWTH状态方程参数

Table 3 IGNITION_ANG_GROWTH equation of state parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
a/MPa	4.7355	xp₁	50.466801
F_r	1.7271	r₁/MPa	2.293712×10^-5
r₃	7.7099×10^-5	r₆	51.54 380
F_q	11224	E_m	16.735001
E₁	1.0029	C_vr	9.93×10^-6
C_t	1×10^-6	E_n	26.963
b/MPa	30.6203×10^-5	xp₂	4.92737
g	4.5754×10^-6	r₂/MPa	2.009256×10^-5
r₅	45.292294	A₂	6.3067×10^-5
G₁	5.4521×10⁹	A₁	0
C_vp	1.457×10^-5	E_l	28.399
E₂	1.0002	G₂	8.599×10¹³

表4 效应铝靶毁伤情况

Table 4 The damage of witness aluminum target

表5 靶板穿孔数和穿孔散布尺寸

Table 5 Perforation number and perforation dispersion size of witness plate

靶厚/ mm	穿孔数			穿孔散布尺寸/mm
靶厚/ mm	1号靶	2号靶	3号靶	1号靶	2号靶	3号靶
6	1	2	7	208×196	285×245	370×180
10	8	6	6	262×242	325×320	460×415
15	8	16	12	378×319	540×530	660×615
20	2	2	1	130×90	135×75	128×80

图5 弹-靶碰撞过程的典型高速摄影帧

Fig.5 Typical high-speed photographic frame of projectile-target impact

图6 高速摄影得到的残余侵彻体

Fig.6 Residual penetrator observed in high-speed photography

图7 弹-靶碰撞中应力波的相互作用

Fig.7 Stress wave interaction in projectile-target impact

图8 不同弹-靶参数时的波系结构

Fig.8 Wave structure under different projectile-target parameters

图9 波传播特性

Fig.9 Wave propagation characteristics

图10 典型单元位置分布

Fig.10 Typical element position distribution

图11 典型单元位置分布靶板内部典型单元的压力时程曲线

Fig.11 Pressure-time curve of typical elements inside the plate

图12 弹丸冲击面处典型单元的压力时程曲线

Fig.12 Pressure-time curve of typical elements inside the projectile

图13 芯体内部典型单元的压力时程曲线

Fig.13 Pressure-time curve of typical elements inside the reactive filling

图14 不同靶板厚度下的数值模拟结果

Fig.14 Numerical simulation results under different front plate thicknesses

图15 不同靶板厚度下壳体轴向和径向速度时程曲线

Fig.15 Axial and radial velocity-time curves of fragment under different front plate thicknesses

表6 壳体破片最大径向速度

Table 6 Jacket fragment maximum radial velocity

靶板厚度/mm	仿真值1/(m·s^-1) (模型B)	仿真值2/(m·s^-1) (模型A)	增量占比/%
6	303.5	179.8	68.7
10	327.3	209.6	56.2
15	348.9	235.3	48.2

图16 效应靶板上散布情况的计算结果

Fig.16 Calculated results of perforation dispersion diameter on witness plate

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