内爆载荷下民机用定向泄爆容器结构的动态响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0327

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保证民机航空安全、满足民机抗爆结构设计要求,研究不同当量TNT内爆冲击下民机用定向泄爆容器结构的动态响应。设计用于民机上爆炸物危险排除的定向泄爆容器,通过爆炸试验验证泄爆容器的可靠性,确定泄爆容器的爆炸物临界包容当量为42g。进一步对该泄爆容器在不同当量内爆载荷下的动态响应进行数值仿真,分析塞块的运动过程以及内爆载荷对泄爆容器的作用机理。研究结果表明:剪切销在爆炸冲击波作用下剪切断裂,剪断过程中塞块发生振动,剪切销剪断后塞块持续加速,容器内最终产生约7.5MPa的准静态压力,塞块冲破机身壁板后匀速飞出,容器泄压并自泄爆口向内形成约0.38~0.85MPa的压强梯度;TNT当量对塞块飞行速度的影响明显,塞块飞行速度随当量的增加而提高,且提高率不断减小。所得研究结果可为民机防爆容器的设计以及应用提供支撑。

关键词: 民机, 定向泄爆, 内爆载荷, 容器动态响应, 有限元模拟

Abstract:

The dynamic response of the directional blast relief container structure for civil aircraft under different TNT equivalent internal explosive impact is studied. A directional blast relief container for civil aircraft is designed to remove the explosive hazards in civil aircraft. Through the explosion test, the reliability of the blast relief container is verified, and the explosive critical inclusive equivalent of blast relief container is determined to be 42g. The dynamic response of blast relief container under different equivalent internal explosive loads is numerically simulated, and the motion process of a stopper and the mechanism of action of internal explosive load on the blast relief container are analyzed. The results show that the shear pin is shearing broke under the action of the explosion shock wave, and the stopper vibrates in shearing process; after shear pin is sheared, the stopper continuously accelerates, and about 7.5MPa quasi-static pressure is finally generated in the container. The stopper flys out at a uniform speed after it breaks through the fuselage bulkhead. The container relieves pressure, and a pressure gradient of about 0.38~0.85MPa is formed inward from the explosion vent. The TNT equivalent has a significant effect on the stopper flight speed. The flight speed of stopper increases and the rate of increase decreases with the increase in TNT equivalent. The study provides support for the design and application of explosion-proof containers for civil aircrafts.

Key words: civil aircraft, directional blast relief, internal explosive loading, container dynamic response, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TJ301

左铭朔, 徐豫新, 李永鹏, 李旭东, 郭德龙, 杨祥. 内爆载荷下民机用定向泄爆容器结构的动态响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2383-2392.

ZUO Mingshuo, XU Yuxin, LI Yongpeng, LI Xudong, GUO Delong, YANG Xiang. Dynamic Response of Directional Blast Relief Container Structure for Civil Aircraft under Internal Explosive Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2383-2392.

图/表 15

图1 民机用定向泄爆容器结构

Fig.1 Structure of directional blast relief container for civil aircraft

图2 试验整体布置

Fig.2 Test overall arrangement

图3 塞块飞行速度测量原理

Fig.3 Measurement principle of stopper flight speed

表1 试验中剪切销断裂情况及塞块飞行速度

Table 1 Shear pin breakage and flight speed of stopper in the test

试验编号	爆炸物当量/g	剪切销断裂情况	塞块飞行速度/ (m·s^-1)	备注
1	36.1	未断		塞块未飞出
2	54.8	两端沿缺口剪断	66.4	壁板未找到
3	39.0	未断		塞块未飞出
4	44.2	两端沿缺口剪断	48.2	无
5	42.0	未断		塞块未飞出
6	44.0	两端沿缺口剪断	42.5	无
7	42.2	两端沿缺口剪断	36.3	无
8	42.0	未断		再次验证42.0g 剪切销不断

图4 泄爆容器和机身壁板模型

Fig.4 Model of blast relief container and fuselage bulkhead

图5 空气域及炸药网格模型

Fig.5 Mesh model of air domain and explosive

表2 泄爆容器和机身壁板材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of blast relief container and fuselage bulkhead

参数	TI-6AL- 4V^[11]	15-5PH 钢^[12-13]	30CrMn SiA^[14]	Al2024- T3^[15-16]
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	4.440	7.80	7.83	2.780
E/GPa	110	196.507	207	72.4
ν	0.34	0.27	0.3	0.33
A/MPa	1130	1028	1500.5	325
B/MPa	250	488	1045	414
n	0.2	0.14	0.57	0.2
C	0.032	0.0137	0.019	0.015
m	1.1	0.63	1.03	1.0
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
C_p/(J·kg^-1·K)	630	248	477	1.0
T_m/K	1913	1713	1793	1220
T_r/K	293	293	293	293

表2 泄爆容器和机身壁板材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of blast relief container and fuselage bulkhead

参数	TI-6AL- 4V^[11]	15-5PH 钢^[12-13]	30CrMn SiA^[14]	Al2024- T3^[15-16]
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	4.440	7.80	7.83	2.780
E/GPa	110	196.507	207	72.4
ν	0.34	0.27	0.3	0.33
A/MPa	1130	1028	1500.5	325
B/MPa	250	488	1045	414
n	0.2	0.14	0.57	0.2
C	0.032	0.0137	0.019	0.015
m	1.1	0.63	1.03	1.0
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
C_p/(J·kg^-1·K)	630	248	477	1.0
T_m/K	1913	1713	1793	1220
T_r/K	293	293	293	293

表3 TNT材料参数[17]

Table 3 Material parameters of TNT[17]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	1.63	R₁	4.15
爆速/(m·s^-1)	6930	R₂	0.9
爆压/GP	21	ω	0.35
A/GP	373.77	E	6.0
B/GPa	3.7471	V	1

表4 仿真结果与试验结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of simulated and test results

仿真使用 TNT当量/g	剪切销是否剪断	仿真结果/g	试验结果/g	误差/%
42	是
41	是
40	否
39	否	40	42	4.76
60	是
70	是
80	是
100	是

图6 试验(左)与仿真(右)破坏情况对比

Fig.6 Comparison of test (left) and simulation (right) damage

图7 不同TNT当量下塞块速度变化曲线

Fig.7 Speed variation curves of stopper with different TNT equivalents

图8 TNT当量40g时塞块速度曲线和压力变化曲线

Fig.8 Stopper speed curve and pressure change curve with TNT equivalents of 40g

图9 压力分布变化过程

Fig.9 The process of pressure distribution change

图10 试验和仿真中塞块飞行速度随TNT当量变化曲线

Fig.10 Variation curve of stopper flight speed with different TNT equivalents in test and simulation

图11 塞块飞行速度随 W 3变化的拟合曲线

Fig.11 Different polynomial fitting curves for the variation of stopper flight speed with W 3

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