霍普金森压杆整形器模型

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0517

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

添加整形器是调整霍普金森杆入射波波形,进而准确测量炸药动态力学性能的重要手段。为预测添加整形器后完整的入射波波形,采用应力波理论对子弹-整形器-入射杆系统中的一维应力波传播过程进行研究。利用波的叠加原理得到整形器加载-卸载的统一控制方程,据此建立整形器模型;通过对整形器材料-T2纯铜进行霍普金森压杆和整形器试验,得到T2纯铜的一维应力-应变关系;采用整形器模型预测单整形器和双整形器试验的入射波波形,分析不同工况条件下整形器的变形特性。分析结果表明:整形器模型具备预测包含卸载段在内的完整入射波波形的能力,模型预测的入射波波形与试验测量波形整体吻合较好,验证了整形器模型的可行性和整形器应力-应变关系参数标定的准确性。

关键词: 霍普金森压杆, 应力波, 整形器模型, 入射波波形

Abstract:

Adding a pulse shaper for Hopkinson bars is an important method to adjust the profile of incident pulses and accurately measure the dynamic mechanical properties of explosives. To predict the complete profile of incident pulses after incorporating the pulse shaper, the wave propagation process in the striker-pulse shaper-incident bar system is analyzed based on the stress wave theory. A unified governing equation predicting the loading-unloading process of pulse shapers is obtained using the superposition principle of waves. Consequently, a general pulse shaper model is developed. The one-dimensional stress-strain relationship of T2 pure copper is obtained by using Hopkinson pressure bar and pulse shaper experiments. The model predicts the profile of incident pulses of single pulse shaper and dual pulse shaper experiments, and analyzes the deformation characteristics of the pulse shaper under various conditions. The results show that the pulse shaper model is able to predict the complete profile of incident pulses, including the unloading range. The profile of incident pulses predicted by the model is in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating the validity of the model and the high accuracy of the calibrated parameters.

Key words: Hopkinson pressure bars, stress waves, pulse shaper model, profile of incident pulses

苗飞超, 张向荣, 李东伟, 江涛, 周霖. 霍普金森压杆整形器模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 1978-1984.

MIAO Feichao, ZHANG Xiangrong, LI Dongwei, JIANG Tao, ZHOU Lin. A Pulse Shaper Model for Hopkinson Pressure Bars[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 1978-1984.

图/表 9

图1 单整形器示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a single pulse shaper

图2 应力波在子弹-整形器-入射杆中的传播过程示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation in the striker-pulse shaper-incident bar system

图3 双整形器示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of a dual pulse shaper

表1 杆件材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of the Hopkinson bar

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	声速/ (m·s^-1)	弹性模量/ GPa
马氏体时效钢	8000	5000	200

图4 T2纯铜的真应力-工程应变关系

Fig.4 True stress-engineering strain relationship of T2 pure copper

图5 两种不同工况下MPS计算值与试验值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of the profiles predicted by MPS and the experimental profile under two different conditions

图6 整形器变形程度随时间的变化

Fig.6 Changes in deformation degree of the pulse shaper with time

图7 双整形器时MPS计算值与试验值[17]对比

Fig.7 Comparison of the profiles predicted by MPS and the experimental profile[17] using a dual pulse shaper

图8 铜/钢双整形器端面质点速度随时间的变化

Fig.8 Particle velocity histories on the surfaces of the copper/steel pulse shapers

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