面向武器站模块化基座的多工况与静动态筋壁结构高效设计方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0183

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对武器站模块化基座更高的多工况适应性和动态性能指标要求,提出并验证一种面向武器站模块化基座的多工况与静动态筋壁结构高效设计方法。推导了多工况刚度和多阶模态下的综合目标优化函数,分别利用层次分析法和线性加权法确定多工况刚度权重和多阶模态权重;针对综合目标优化函数下计算消耗大的问题,分别提出基于超单元的多工况与静动态拓扑优化方法和基于灵敏度分析法的筋壁结构响应面设计及寻优方法,并分别利用上述方法将模块化基座的拓扑优化时间和响应面试验设计时间缩减了92%和83.7%。校核验证结果表明,所设计的武器站模块化基座在满足各项性能指标的基础上,不仅能适应多种工况,而且有良好的静动态特性,对武器站产品的可重构高效设计有一定的指导价值。

关键词: 筋壁结构, 武器站, 模块化基座, 多工况, 静动态, 超单元, 灵敏度

Abstract:

To meet the requirements of excellent multi-condition adaptability and dynamic performance index for the modular base of a weapon station, an efficient design method of multi-condition and static and dynamic reinforced wall structure for the modular base of the weapon station is proposed and verified. Firstly, the comprehensive objective optimization functions under multi-condition and multi-order modes are deduced, and the weights of multi-condition and multi-order modes are determined via the analytic hierarchy process and linear weighting method respectively. Then,a multi-condition and static and dynamic topology optimization method based on superelements is proposed to overcome the disadvantage of high computational cost under the comprehensive objective optimization function. At the same time, the response surface design and optimization method for the reinforced wall structure based on sensitivity analysis is proposed, which can reduce the topology optimization time of the modular base by 92% and the test design time of the response surface by 83.7%. Finally, the verification results shows that the modular base of the weapon station designed in this paper can not only adapt to a variety of working conditions but also has good static and dynamic characteristics besides meeting various performance indicators, which has some guiding significance for the reconfigurable efficient design of weapon station products.

Key words: reinforced wall structure, weapon station, modular base, multiple working-conditions, static and dynamic, superelements, sensitivity

中图分类号:

U463

万子平, 谭若愚, 郑杰基, 任广安, 谢馨, 范大鹏. 面向武器站模块化基座的多工况与静动态筋壁结构高效设计方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 577-590.

WAN Ziping, TAN Ruoyu, ZHENG Jieji, REN Guang'an, XIE Xin, FAN Dapeng. Efficient Design Method of Multi-condition and Static and Dynamic Reinforced Wall Structure for Modular Base of Weapon Station[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(2): 577-590.

图/表 32

图1 RIwP可重构集成武器平台

Fig.1 RIwP Reconfigurable Integrated-weapons Platform

图2 武器站工况定义示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of condition definition of weapon station

图3 承力构型超单元划分图

Fig.3 Superelement division of load-bearing configuration

表1 子结构的失效形式

Table 1 Failure form of substructures

子结构	失效形式
轴压壁	屈曲失稳,弯剪破坏
抗弯壁	拉伸破坏,弯剪破坏
防扭壁	弯剪破坏,扭剪破坏

表2 子结构优化方法

Table 2 Substructure optimization method

子结构	优化方法
轴压壁	基于超单元的多工况和动静态拓扑优化方法
抗弯壁	基于超单元的多工况和动静态拓扑优化方法
防扭壁	形状优化方法(只做实现,不做分析)

图4 承力构型筋壁结构图

Fig.4 Load-bearing reinforced wall structure

图5 超单元的多工况和静动态拓扑优化方法

Fig.5 Multi-condition and static and dynamic topology optimization method of superelements

表3 基于载荷水平的筋壁形式

Table 3 Form of reinforced wall based on load level

载荷类型	筋壁结构	筋结构作用	壁结构作用	筋条间距
小载荷	薄壁高筋	主承力单元	结构外形	小
中载荷	中壁中筋	主承力单元	次承力单元	中
大载荷	连续壁厚	承力单元	承力单元	大

图6 基于拓扑优化的壁结构设计流程

Fig.6 Design flow of wall structure based on topology optimization

图7 筋条离散化和间距截取方法

Fig.7 Reinforcement discretization and spacing interception

表4 重力过载冲击和武器后坐力冲击

Table 4 Gravity overload impact and weapon recoil impact

载荷来源	重力过载冲击	后坐力冲击/N
重载机枪组件	170.91kg×9×9.81m/s²	6000
轻载机枪组件	29.1kg×9×9.81m/s²	362
左耳轴支架	25kg×9×9.81m/s²
右耳轴支架	25kg×9×9.81m/s²

表5 工况权重

Table 5 Working condition weight

功能区	最大仰角击发	水平击发
左功能区击发	(α₁)0.07	(α₂)0.13
中功能区击发	(α₃)0.13	(α₄)0.34
右功能区击发	(α₅)0.07	(α₆)0.13

表6 模态权重

Table 6 Modal weight

1阶模态	2阶模态	3阶模态
0.6	0.3	0.1

图8 承力构型的提取流程

Fig.8 Extraction process of load-bearing configuration

图9 承力构型的子结构划分图和网格图

Fig.9 Diagrams of substructure division and grid

图10 承力构型边界载荷图

Fig.10 Load-bearing configuration boundary load

表7 模态精度对比

Table 7 Modal accuracy comparison

模态阶数	原有承力构型/ Hz	缩聚承力构型/ Hz	偏差百分比绝对值/%
1	121.58	111.96	0.79
2	173.62	174.94	0.75
3	275.67	283.75	2.85
4	482.82	455.74	5.60
5	499.06	476.53	4.51
6	810.52	857.52	5.48

图11 承力构型拓扑图

Fig.11 Load-bearing configuration topology

表8 优化方法对比

Table 8 Comparison of optimization methods

静态工况	图13(a) 应变能/J	图13(b) 应变能/J	图13(c) 应变能/J	模态阶数	图13(a) 固有频率/ Hz	图13(b) 固有频率/ Hz	图13(c) 固有频率/ Hz
1	0.092	0.262	0.123	1	59.64	79.25	74.78
2	0.086	0.257	0.119
3	0.152	0.418	0.181	2	86.57	108.88	102.63
4	0.161	0.376	0.184
5	0.092	0.262	0.123	3	125.87	129.56	131.94
6	0.086	0.257	0.119

表9 计算消耗对比

Table 9 Comparison of computational cost

拓扑优化类型	单元数量	节点数量	计算时长	迭代步数
全模型拓扑优化	73213	283638	46h5min	176
超单元拓扑优化	48294	148119	4h42min	59

图12 轴压壁参数化筋条选择图

Fig.12 Parametric reinforcement selection of bearing wall

图13 承力构型参数化三维模型

Fig.13 Parametric 3D model of load-bearing configuration

表10 壁结构最大应力

Table 10 Maximum stress of wall structure

静态工况	1	2	3	4	5	6
最大应力/MPa	11.63	12.67	14.18	12.17	11.63	12.67

图14 参数灵敏度分析结果

Fig.14 Parameter sensitively analysis result

图15 Kriging响应面

Fig.15 Kriging RSM

表11 优化参数

Table 11 Optimization parameters

尺寸	筋壁结构
尺寸	筋7宽	壁1厚	筋7~9高	筋1宽	筋2宽	筋5宽	筋6宽	筋1~6高
优化前尺寸/mm	0.025	0.008	0.03	0.025	0.025	0.025	0.025	0.025
尺寸后尺寸/mm	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03

表12 优化前后指标

Table 12 Indexes before and after optimization

指标	静态工况
指标	1	2	3	4	5	6
优化前应变能/J	0.042	0.044	0.073	0.074	0.042	0.044
优化后应变能/J	0.068	0.071	0.124	0.125	0.068	0.071
模态阶数	1	2	3
优化前固有频率/Hz	121.58	173.62	267.15	优化前质量/kg		47.334
优化后固有频率/Hz	91.50	115.57	176.70	优化后质量/kg		33.946

图16 国产可重构集成武器平台

Fig.16 Domestic re-configurable Integrated-weapons Platform

表13 极限冲击时域激励

Table 13 Time domain excitation of limit impact

加速度和后坐力冲击	时间/s
加速度和后坐力冲击	0.0015	0.007	0.0325
重力过载加速度/(m·s^-2)	8.82	101.43	101.43
后坐力冲击/N	250	6000	-1125

图17 应力曲线和安全系数曲线

Fig.17 Stress curve and safety factor curves

图18 三向位移响应云图

Fig.18 Displacement response cloud pictures in three directions

图19 模块化基座现场装配图

Fig.19 Drawing of field assembly of modular base

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