脉冲激光起爆光敏炸药特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光敏炸药乙炔银-硝酸银加载技术是模拟强脉冲X射线结构响应的重要手段之一,采用脉冲激光起爆是一种不同于传统的闪光高压起爆方式,其优势在于增强了操作可控性、异型加载实现性和同时加载时效性。对激光起爆机理进行针对性分析,介绍激光起爆平台和乙炔银-硝酸银材料性质。针对光敏炸药的光吸收特性开展激光起爆实验,获得193nm/266nm/532nm/1064nm等波长激光起爆阈值分别为5.07mJ/mm²、6.77mJ/mm²、7.21mJ/mm²、10.61mJ/mm²,并通过爆速验证完全爆轰过程,用辐射光谱分析表征反应过程元素生成。所得成果对于脉冲激光起爆过程、机理及爆炸载荷规律研究,以及光敏炸药模拟X射线结构响应加载技术具有很好的技术支持作用。

关键词: 光敏炸药, 脉冲激光, 乙炔银-硝酸银, 阈值, 结构响应

Abstract:

The silver acetylide-silver nitrate loading technology is an important means to simulate the structural response of intense pulsed X-ray. Pulsed laser initiation is different from the traditional method of initiation by light-induced high pressure. Its advantage lies in the enhanced operating controllability, the implementation of special-shaped load and the timeliness of simultaneous loading. The laser initiation mechanism is analyzed, the laser initiation platform and the properties of silver acetylide-silver nitrate material are introduced, and then the laser initiation experiment is carried out according to the light absorption characteristics of light-sensitive explosives. The initiation thresholds of laser with wavelengths of 193nm/266nm/532nm/1064nm are respectively obtained, namely, 5.07mJ/mm², 6.77mJ/mm², 7.21mJ/mm² and 10.61mJ/mm², and the complete initiation process is verified by detonation velocity. The generation of elements in the reaction process is characterized by radiation spectroscopy. This work can provide technical support for the study of pulsed laser initiation process and mechanism, explosion load law, and the loading technology of using light-sensitive explosives to simulate X-ray structural response.

Key words: light-initiated high explosive, pulsed laser, silver acetylide-silver nitrate, threshold value, structural response

王等旺, 徐海斌, 马泽龙, 徐畅, 刘小东, 张云峰, 赵奇峰. 脉冲激光起爆光敏炸药特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1350-1357.

WANG Dengwang, XU Haibin, MA Zelong, XU Chang, LIU Xiaodong, ZHANG Yunfeng, ZHAO Qifeng. Characteristics of Pulsed Laser Initiation of Light-Sensitive Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1350-1357.

图/表 17

参考文献 24

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编号	平板质量/ g	总质量/ g	SASN质量/ mg	面密度/ (mg·cm^-2)
1	19.1766	19.1830	6.4	32.59
2	18.3322	18.3427	10.5	53.48
3	18.4339	18.4384	4.5	20.92
4	18.0878	18.0931	5.3	26.99
5	17.8110	17.8229	11.9	60.61
6	18.9769	18.9807	3.8	19.35
7	18.5498	18.5537	3.9	19.86
8	17.9772	17.9820	4.8	24.45
9	18.2176	18.2306	27	42.45
10	19.1538	19.1660	12.2	19.18
11	18.9480	18.9594	11.4	17.92
12	19.5887	19.6018	13.1	20.60
13	18.2005	18.2149	14.4	22.64
14	18.8201	18.8349	14.8	23.27
15	18.8613	18.8720	10.7	16.82
16	18.6746	18.6932	18.6	29.25

编号	平板质量/ g	总质量/ g	SASN质量/ mg	面密度/ (mg·cm^-2)
1	19.1766	19.1830	6.4	32.59
2	18.3322	18.3427	10.5	53.48
3	18.4339	18.4384	4.5	20.92
4	18.0878	18.0931	5.3	26.99
5	17.8110	17.8229	11.9	60.61
6	18.9769	18.9807	3.8	19.35
7	18.5498	18.5537	3.9	19.86
8	17.9772	17.9820	4.8	24.45
9	18.2176	18.2306	27	42.45
10	19.1538	19.1660	12.2	19.18
11	18.9480	18.9594	11.4	17.92
12	19.5887	19.6018	13.1	20.60
13	18.2005	18.2149	14.4	22.64
14	18.8201	18.8349	14.8	23.27
15	18.8613	18.8720	10.7	16.82
16	18.6746	18.6932	18.6	29.25

激光器参数	能量/ mJ	光斑/ mm²	能量密度/ (mJ·mm^-2)	功率密度/ (kW·mm^-2)	是否起爆
ArF, 20Hz, 193nm	3.1	5.275	0.59	29.5	未起爆
	3.8	5.275	0.72	36	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.75	37.5	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.76	38	未起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	4	0.75	5.3	265	完全起爆
	4.4	0.75	5.87	293.5	完全起爆
	13	0.427	30.44	5073.3	完全起爆
	12		7.86	1310.0	完全起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 266nm	9.5	2.512	3.78	600.3	未起爆
	13.1		5.21	827.8	未起爆
	15.4		6.13	973.1	未起爆
	17.0		6.77	1074.2	起爆
	17.5		6.97	1105.8	起爆
	18.5		7.36	1169.0	起爆
	21.1		8.40	1333.3	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 532nm	16.8	3.120	5.38	854.7	未起爆
	18.5		5.93	941.2	未起爆
	21.1		6.76	1073.5	未起爆
	22.5		7.21	1144.7	起爆
	23.9		7.66	1215.9	起爆
	24.8		7.95	1261.7	起爆
	25.9		8.30	1317.7	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 1064nm	22.6	3.524	6.41	1018.0	未起爆
	27.6		7.83	1243.2	未起爆
	32.4		9.19	1459.4	未起爆
	35.2		9.99	1585.5	未起爆
	37.4		10.61	1684.6	起爆
	39.5		11.21	1779.2	起爆
	42.6		12.09	1918.8	起爆

激光器参数	能量/ mJ	光斑/ mm²	能量密度/ (mJ·mm^-2)	功率密度/ (kW·mm^-2)	是否起爆
ArF, 20Hz, 193nm	3.1	5.275	0.59	29.5	未起爆
	3.8	5.275	0.72	36	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.75	37.5	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.76	38	未起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	4	0.75	5.3	265	完全起爆
	4.4	0.75	5.87	293.5	完全起爆
	13	0.427	30.44	5073.3	完全起爆
	12		7.86	1310.0	完全起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 266nm	9.5	2.512	3.78	600.3	未起爆
	13.1		5.21	827.8	未起爆
	15.4		6.13	973.1	未起爆
	17.0		6.77	1074.2	起爆
	17.5		6.97	1105.8	起爆
	18.5		7.36	1169.0	起爆
	21.1		8.40	1333.3	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 532nm	16.8	3.120	5.38	854.7	未起爆
	18.5		5.93	941.2	未起爆
	21.1		6.76	1073.5	未起爆
	22.5		7.21	1144.7	起爆
	23.9		7.66	1215.9	起爆
	24.8		7.95	1261.7	起爆
	25.9		8.30	1317.7	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 1064nm	22.6	3.524	6.41	1018.0	未起爆
	27.6		7.83	1243.2	未起爆
	32.4		9.19	1459.4	未起爆
	35.2		9.99	1585.5	未起爆
	37.4		10.61	1684.6	起爆
	39.5		11.21	1779.2	起爆
	42.6		12.09	1918.8	起爆

探针1- 探针2/μs	探针2- 探针3/μs	探针3- 探针4/μs	探针4- 探针5/μs	平均速度/ (km·s^-1)
	7.1	6.8	7.1	1.429
	7.4	6.9	7.4	1.382
8.7	7.4	7.4	6.7	1.325
6.4	7.1	6.9	7.0	1.460