水中气枪声源激发的地震波场波动成分及其能量占比特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析水中声源激发的海底地震波场波动成分组成及其能量占比特性，开展了理论推导、数值仿真与试验研究。基于高阶交错网格有限差分法对分层浅海模型中声源激发的海底地震波场进行数值模拟仿真，理清海底地震波场波系及其组成成分；采用τ-p法对仿真的海底地震波场波动成分进行分离，分析不同海底底质条件下气枪声源激发的地声波动成分能量及其占比特性；开展一次湖试和两次海试，验证了仿真结果。研究表明：水中声源激发的海底地震波可分为纵波、横波、水中声波、表面波4个波系；τ-p法能有效分离气枪声源激发地海底地震波场波动成分；通过处理气枪声源激发的浅海海底地震波阵列信号，可以比较准确地获得海域底质特性；硬海底利于激发海底地震波、表面波和横波，软海底利于激发纵波，异常软的底质难以激发出表面波。

关键词: 海底地震波场, 气枪声源, τ-p法, 波场分离, 能量占比

Abstract: The fluctuation components and their energy ratio characteristics of seismic wave field motivated by airgun source in shallow water are analyzed through theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and experiment.The layered model of shallow water is simulated using high-order staggered-grid finite difference method, and the wave systems and components of seabed seismic wave field are given. Wave components of the simulated seabed seismic wave field are separated using τ-p method, and the fluctuation components and their energy ratios of seismic wave field are simulated and analyzed. A lake trial and two sea trials were made to validate the theoretical and simulated results. The results demonstrate that the seabed seismic wave motivated by airgun source in water is divided into longitudinal wave, transversl wave, underwater acoustic wave, and surface wave, τ-p method can be used to separate the wave components of seismic wave field, and the sea bottom characteristics can be obtained from the signals received by the seismic array. The seabed seismic wave, interface wave and transversal wave are easily motivated on hard seabed, the longitudinal wave is easily motivated on soft seabed, and the interface wave is difficultly motivated on very soft seabed.

Key words: seabedseismicwavefield, airgunsource, τ-pmethod, wavefieldseparation, energyratio

中图分类号:

TB566

程广利, 刘宝, 王泽明, 杨哲辉. 水中气枪声源激发的地震波场波动成分及其能量占比特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(5): 1032-1040.

CHENG Guangli, LIU Bao, WANG Zeming, YANG Zhehui. Wave Components and Energy Ratio Characteristics of Seismic Wave Field Motivated by Airgun Source in Shallow Water[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(5): 1032-1040.

参考文献

［1］王泽明.气枪声源激发的海底表面波特性研究［D］.武汉：海军工程大学,2018.
WANG Z M. Study on characteristics of seabed Scholte wave motivate by air gun source［D］. Wuhan: Naval University of Engineering,2018. （in Chinese）
［2］余赟,惠俊英,陈阳,等.浅海低频声场中目标深度分类方法研究［J］.物理学报,2009,58(9):6335-6343.
YU Y, HUI J Y, CHEN Y，et al. Research on target depth classification in low frequency acoustic field of shallow water［J］. Acta Physica Sinica，2009，58（9）：6335-6343.（in Chinese）
［3］卢再华，张志宏，顾建农.舰艇海底地震波形成机理的理论分析［J］.应用力学学报，2007，24（1）：54-57.
LU Z H，ZHANG Z H，GU J N．Theoretical analysis to mechanism of seafloor seismic wave induced by sailing vessel［J］．Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics，2007，24(1)：54-57．（in Chinese）
［4］孟路稳，程广利，陈亚男，等.舰艇地震波传播机理及其在水雷引信中的应用研究［J］.兵工学报，2017，38（2）：319-325.
MENG L W，CHENG G L，CHEN Y N，et al. On the mechanism of ship seismic wave and its application on the mine fuze［J］. Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(2):319-325. （in Chinese）
［5］颜冰，周伟，龚沈光. 浅海地震波传播的简正波模型［J］．武汉理工大学学报，2006，30(5)：804-807.
YAN B, ZHOU W, GONG S G. A normal mode model for ocean seismo-acoustics in shallow water［J］. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2006，30(5)：804-807．(in Chinese)
［6］卢再华，张志宏，顾建农．多孔介质水平分层海底低频地震波的数值模拟［J］．兵工学报，2014，35(12)：2065-2071．
LU Z H，ZHANG Z H，GU J N. A numerical simulation of seismic wave caused by low frequency source in shallow sea with thick po-rous sediment by staggered-grid finite difference method［J］.Acta Armamentarii, 2014，35(12)：2065-2071．(in Chinese)
［7］张海刚.浅海甚低频声传播建模与规律研究［D］.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2010.
ZHANG H G. Research on modeling and rule of infrasound propagation in shallow sea［D］.Harbin: Harbin Engineering University,2010. （in Chinese）
［8］蒋生淼.气枪震源信号提取方法与传播特性研究［D］.北京：中国地震局地球物理研究所,2017.
JIANG S M. Processing method and propagation characteristics of airgun source signals ［D］. Beijing: Insititute of Seismophysics, China Earthquake Administration,2017.(in Chinese)
［9］ TELFORD W M, GELDART L P,SHERIFF R E.Applied seismophysics ［M］. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 1976.
［10］孟路稳，程广利，陈亚男，等. 舰船地震传播机理及其在水雷引信中的应用研究［J］.兵工学报，2017,38(2):319-325.
MENG L W, CHENG G L, CHEN Y N, et al. On the mechanism of ship seismic wave and its application in the mine fuze［J］. Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(2):319-325.（in Chinese）
［11］刁爱民，程广利，王泽明. 气枪声源激发的浅海地震波频散特性研究［J］.西北工业大学学报,2019,37（4）:274-279.
DIAO A M, CHENG G L, WANG Z M. On the dispersive characteristics of shallow water seismic waves excited by air gun sound source in shallow water ［J］. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2019,37（4）:274-279. (in Chinese)
［12］ CHAPMAN D M F，STAAL P R. Experimental observations of interface wave and acoustic propagation over a rough granite seabed ［J］.The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America,1985,77(S1): 29.
［13］ STAAL P R，CHAPMAN D M F. Observations of interface waves and low-frequency acoustic propagation over a rough granite seabed ［J］.Ocean Seismo-Acoustics, 1986, 16: 643-652.
［14］ KATSNELSON B, PETNIKOV V, LYNCH J. Fundamentals of shallow water acoustics［M］. New York:Springer Press，2001.

[1]	刘进伟, 彭子龙, 范军, 刘妍, 孔慧敏. 水下航行体分片参数化多亮点声散射预报方法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 0, (): 0-0.
[2]	薛城, 顾怡鸣宫在晓李整林, . 参数化时频分析在连续波有源探测中的应用[J]. 兵工学报, 0, (): 0-0.
[3]	薛灵芝, 曾向阳, 杨爽. 基于生成对抗网络的水声目标识别算法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2444-2452.
[4]	陈新华，郑恩明，李嶷，杨鹤，周权斌. 复域压缩感知近场声图测量方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8): 1735-1743.
[5]	王梦圆, 李整林, 秦继兴, 吴双林, 王光旭. 深海直达声区中大深度声场水平纵向相关特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(4): 817-826.
[6]	罗祎，王杰亚，谢涛涛. 提升水下角反射器声反射性能的泡沫塑料夹层方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(10): 2081-2087.
[7]	邵鹏飞，王蕾，王方勇. 基于序贯蒙特卡洛与概率假设密度滤波的主动分布式声纳多目标跟踪[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(5): 941-949.
[8]	林伟，夏茂龙，刘正浩，黎胜，孟春霞. 水中目标自由场声辐射特性还原及远场声辐射热区识别[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(1): 119-126.
[9]	刘福臣，姬托，张巧力. 基于声场模信号特征和多项式拟合的声速剖面反演技术研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(11): 2283-2295.
[10]	罗祎，陈鑫. 水下空气腔角反射器声散射特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(10): 2129-2135.
[11]	贾基东，李淑秋，高善国. 一种基于Costas序列的多输入多输出声纳正交发射信号集设计方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(8): 1680-1687.
[12]	鞠阳，元勇虎，林蔚，徐海生. 基于声信息的匀加速目标快速目标运动分析解算[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(8): 1688-1692.
[13]	徐国军，张林，韩梅，范培勤. 基于声干涉特征匹配的水中目标运动分析研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(5): 1038-1049.
[14]	穆森，李京华，张恒，陈果. 基于谐波集检测的飞行目标水下声探测算法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(5): 1050-1057.
[15]	郑恩明，陈新华，李嶷. 基于引导信号修正的时域干扰阻塞方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(3): 561-569.