壳厚非协同缩比模型水下声散射相似性分析及修正方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受加工工艺、水下承压、安全运输等因素的限制,声散射缩比模型的壳厚及三维主尺寸常常难以满足声学相似性设计要求,严重制约模型与实船之间的声散射特性的换算。尝试将壳体局部声学参数的声学相似性分析与修正作为目标整体声散射修正的基础,提出一种针对壳厚非协同缩比模型的目标强度修正方法。分别以单双层球壳模型和复杂双壳体模型为验证对象,前者采用严格简正级数,后者采用二维轴对称有限元技术,分别开展其目标强度的修正与换算分析,归纳复杂模型壳体声学参数变化导致的缩比模型目标强度的变化规律,验证修正方法的有效性。研究结果表明,新修正方法的提出使壳厚非协同缩比模型目标强度推算到原型更符合实际工程需要。

关键词: 声散射, 相似性理论, Rayleigh简正级数解, 分层弹性介质理论, 缩比模型

Abstract:

Due to the limitations of processing technology,underwater pressure,safe transportation and other factors,the shell thickness and three-dimensional principal size of the acoustic scattering scale model are often difficult to meet the acoustic similarity design requirements,which seriously restricts the conversion of the acoustic scattering characteristics between the model and the actual ship.Therefore,this paper tries to take the acoustic similarity analysis and correction of the local acoustic parameters of the shell as the basis for the correction of the overall acoustic scattering of a target,and proposes a target strength correction method for the non-coordinated scale model of the shell thickness.The single and double-layer spherical shell models and the complex double-shell model are used for the correction and conversion analysis of target strength,respectively,and the variation law of target strength of the scale model caused by the change in the acoustic parameters of complex shell is summarized,and the effectiveness of the correction method is verified.The proposed correction method can be used to estimate a prototype more in line with the actual engineering needs from the target strength of the shell thickness non-coordinated scale model.

Key words: acoustic scattering, similarity theory, Rayleigh normal series solution, layered elastic medium theory, scale model

中图分类号:

TB566

李崟浩, 彭子龙, 宋昊, 彭绍康, 唐宇航. 壳厚非协同缩比模型水下声散射相似性分析及修正方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240057-.

LI Yinhao, PENG Zilong, SONG Hao, PENG Shaokang, TANG Yuhang. Similarity Analysis and Correction Method for Underwater Acoustic Scattering in Shell Thickness Non-coordinated Scale Models[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240057-.

图/表 14

图1 平面波从单层球壳的散射

Fig.1 Scattering of plane waves by a single-layer spherical shell

图2 平面波从双层球壳的散射

Fig.2 Scattering of plane waves by a double-layer spherical shell

图3 声场相似性示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of acoustic field similarity

图4 凸曲面表面亮点散射

Fig.4 Scattering of specular highlights on convex surface

图5 平板斜入射时反射与透射

Fig.5 Reflection and transmission of a flat plate under oblique incidence

图6 平板垂直入射时声学系数

Fig.6 Acoustic coefficients of flat plate at perpendicular incidence

表1 相关材料属性

Table 1 Material properties

材料种类	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	剪切波波速/ (m·s^-1)	压缩波波速/ (m·s^-1)	厚度/mm
空气	1.44		343
水	1000		1500
结构钢	7800	3218	5439	8

图7 修正后缩比模型与原型目标强度随频率变化曲线

Fig.7 Target strength-frequency curves of modified scale model and prototype

图8 修正后缩比模型与原型目标强度和修正量曲线

Fig.8 Curve of corrected scaled model and prototype target strength,along with the correction amount

图9 修正后缩比模型与原型目标强度和修正量曲线

Fig.9 Curves of corrected scale model and prototype target strengths and the correction amount

图10 复杂模型不同入射角时表面亮点区域

Fig.10 The highlight areas on the surface of the complex model at different angles of incidence

图11 复杂模型尺寸示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of complex model dimensions

图12 复杂双壳体有限元模型剖面图

Fig.12 Cross-section diagram of complex bivariate finite element model

图13 修正后缩比模型与原型目标强度随频率变化曲线

Fig.13 Curves of corrected scale model and prototype target strengths,along with the correction amount

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