船用螺旋桨静态声散射预报方法及特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对螺旋桨静态声散射特性预报问题,采用分层介质声传播理论与离散面元厚度信息相结合的板块元算法,建立变厚度曲面薄板目标声散射特性预报方法。基于面元厚度及材料属性信息求解所有面元的反射系数,进而求得目标的总散射声场。为了提高计算效率,通过单片桨叶网格拓扑克隆的方式实现完整螺旋桨的散射声场预报,并通过有限元和静态声散射特性湖上试验对新的预报方法的准确性进行了验证。研究结果表明:螺旋桨目标强度的频响特性、角度-距离谱以及空间指向性预报值与测试值基本一致。研究结果对水下航行器艉向附近的声散射特性预报具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 螺旋桨, 板块元方法, 声散射特性, 目标强度

Abstract:

For the prediction problem of static acoustic scattering characteristics of propellers, a planar element method combining the layered medium acoustic propagation theory and the discrete surface element thickness information is used to establish a prediction method for the acoustic scattering characteristics of thin plate targets with variable thickness surfaces.The basic idea is to solve the reflection coefficients of all surface elements based on the thickness of surface elements and material property information, and then obtain the total scattered acoustic field of the target. Considering the computational efficiency, the scattered sound field of a complete propeller is predicted by means of mesh topology clone from a single propeller blade. The results show that the predicted values of the frequency response characteristics, angle-distance spectrum and spatial directivity of propeller target strength are in general agreement with the experimental results. This study may be useful for the prediction of acoustic scattering characteristics near the stern of underwater vehicles.

Key words: propeller, planar element method, acoustic scattering characteristic, target strength

中图分类号:

TB566

柯慧程, 彭子龙, 周富霖, 陈添宝. 船用螺旋桨静态声散射预报方法及特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1523-1533.

KE Huicheng, PENG Zilong, ZHOU Fulin, CHEN Tianbao. Prediction Method and Characteristics of Static Acoustic Scattering from Marine Propellers[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1523-1533.

图/表 21

图1 Kirchhoff近似声散射计算示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of Kirchhoff approximate acoustic scattering calculation

图2 置于流体介质无限大弹性板声传播示意图

Fig.2 Propagation of sound in fluid medium infinitely large elastic plate

图3 面元厚度判定方法

Fig.3 Planar elements thickness determination method

图4 网格克隆拓扑方法(左为拓扑过程,右为拓扑后网格)

Fig.4 Mesh cloning topology method(left:topological process, right: mesh after topology)

表1 试验螺旋桨基本参数

Table 1 Propeller model basic parameters

参数	取值
梢圆半径/mm	261.5
盘面比	0.507
叶片数	3
螺旋桨后倾角/(°)	0
毂径形状	直线型
桨毂内径/mm	67
桨毂外径/mm	81

图5 螺旋桨模型示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of propeller model

图6 螺旋桨单片桨叶结构

Fig.6 Single propeller blade structure

表2 单片桨叶切面轮廓尺寸

Table 2 Cut-out profile dimensions of singlepropeller paddle

r/R	母线到导边距离/mm	切面弦长/ mm	切面周长/ mm	最大切面厚度/mm
0.2	67.58	135.16	274.41	7.55
0.3	82.27	164.53	332.93	6.45
0.4	97.76	195.51	394.77	5.54
0.5	109.13	218.25	440.80	4.80
0.6	113.25	226.50	458.10	4.20
0.7	110.15	220.30	446.24	3.69
0.8	98.56	197.12	401.30	3.23
0.9	74.26	148.51	302.45	2.80
0.95	52.71	105.42	215.95	2.58
1.0				2.00

表3 单片桨叶部分参数

Table 3 Parameters for parametric modelling of single propeller blade dimensions

参数	数值
a_max/mm	206
c₁/mm	10
c₂/mm	2
d₁/mm	88

图7 单片桨叶声散射特性计算模型

Fig.7 Calculation model of acoustic scattering characteristics of single propeller blade

图8 单片桨叶多种声散射计算方式对比(0°入射)

Fig.8 Comparison of multiple scattering calculations for a single propeller blade (0° incidence)

图9 单片桨叶目标强度对比

Fig.9 Comparison of single propeller blade target strengths

图10 单片桨叶前向散射目标强度对比(θ=-45°~45°)

Fig.10 Comparison of forward scattering target strengths of single propeller blade (θ=-45°~45°)

表4 目标强度计算所需时间对比

Table 4 Target strength calculation time comparison

全向散射和前向散射	有限元和板块元	网格单元数	网格节点数	计算时间/ s
全向散射	有限元	192303	41910	2150.5
	板块元	22396	11200	393.15
前向散射	有限元	192303	41910	2034.1
	板块元	22396	11200	394.64

图11 螺旋桨目标强度对比

Fig.11 Comparison of propeller target strengths

表5 目标强度计算所需时间对比

Table 5 Target strength calculation time comparison

有限元和板块元	网格单元数	网格节点数	计算时间/s
有限元	1503875	292033	16069.8
板块元	80867	40645	877.7

图12 螺旋桨回声强度角度-时域谱

Fig.12 Propeller echo strength angle-time nephogram

图13 试验螺旋桨模型

Fig.13 Experimental propeller model

图14 试验系统布放图

Fig.14 Layout of experimental systems

图15 实测模型时域下回声强度角度-时域谱

Fig.15 Echo strength angle-time nephogram of experimental models

图16 螺旋桨目标强度指向性对比结果

Fig.16 Comparison of propeller target strength directivity

参考文献 23

[1]	CHU D, STANTON T K. Statistics of echoes from a directional sonar beam insonifying finite numbers of single scatterers and patches of scatterers[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2010, 35(2): 267-277.
[2]	KLAUSNER N, AZIMI-SADJADI M R. Non-Gaussian target detection in sonar imagery using the multivariate laplace distribution[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2015, 40(2):452-464.
[3]	TUCKER J D, AZIMI-SADJADI M R. Coherence-based underwater target detection from multiple disparate sonar platforms[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2011, 36(1):37-51.
[4]	LIU X Z, MA J, WANG H B, et al. Ultrasonic scattered field distribution of one and two cylindrical solids with phased array technique[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 32(6):111-122.
[5]	张学刚, 张剑飞, 吕帅, 等. 大尺度目标声散射特性多极边界元计算方法与实验验证[J]. 船舶力学, 2020, 24(3):409-418.
	ZHANG X G, ZHANG J F, LÜ S, et al. Rapid method for large-scale target sound scattering calculation and experiment validation[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2020, 24(3):409-418. (in Chinese)
[6]	范军, 汤渭霖, 卓琳凯. 声呐目标回声特性预报的板块元方法[J]. 船舶力学, 2012, 16(增刊1): 171-180.
	FAN J, TANG W L, ZHOU L K. Planar elements method for forecasting the echo characteristics from sonar targets[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2012, 16(S1):171-180. (in Chinese)
[7]	薛亚强, 彭子龙, 俞强, 等. 基于Kirchhoff近似与曲面三角形网格的水下目标声散射特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8):2424-2431. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0374
	XUE Y Q, PENG Z L, YU Q, et al. Acoustic scattering characteristics analysis of underwater targets based on Kirchhoff approximation and curved triangular mesh[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8):2424-2431. (in Chinese)
[8]	陈文剑, 孙辉. 计算水下凹面目标散射声场的声束弹跳法[J]. 声学学报, 2013, 38(2): 147-152.
	CHEN W J, SUN H. A shooting and bouncing beams method for calculating the scattering field of concave targets[J]. Acta Acoustics, 2013, 38(2): 147-152. (in Chinese)
[9]	WANG B, WANG W H, FAN J, et al. Modeling of bistatic scattering from an underwater non-penetrable target using a Kirchhoff approximation method[J]. Defence Technology, 2022, 18(7):1097-1106. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2022.04.008
[10]	谭力文, 王斌, 范军. 一种水下目标收发分置声目标强度快速计算方法[J]. 船舶力学, 2020, 24(9): 1215-1223.
	TAN L W, WANG B, FAN J. A fast mathod for calculating bistatic acoustic target strength of an underwater target[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2020, 24(9):1215-1223. (in Chinese)
[11]	PENG Z, WANG B, FAN J. Simulation and experimental studies on acoustic scattering characteristics of surface targets[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 137(Aug.): 140-147.
[12]	陈文剑, 厉夫兵, 殷敬伟, 等. 随机起伏冰面三维声散射的Kirchhoff近似数值计算模型[J]. 声学学报, 2021, 46(1):1-10.
	CHEN W J, LI F B, YIN J W, et al. A Kirchhoff-approximation numerical model for three-dimensional acoustic scattering from rough under-ice surfaces[J]. Acta Acoustics, 2021, 46(1):1-10. (in Chinese)
[13]	宋沨, 李威. 水下复合材料舵的声散射特性仿真研究[J]. 应用科技, 2018, 45(5): 10-15.
	SONG F, LI W. Simulation study on acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater composite rudder[J]. Applied Science and Technology, 2018, 45(5): 10-15. (in Chinese)
[14]	张小凤, 赵俊渭, 王尚斌, 等. 水下物理目标声反射器研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2004, 25(5): 600-603.
	ZHANG X F, ZHAO J W, WANG S B, et al. A study on underwater passive sound reflectors[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2004, 25(5):600-603. (in Chinese)
[15]	陈鑫, 罗祎, 李爱华. 水下弹性角反射器声散射特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(11): 2236-2242. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.11.018
	CHEN X, LUO Y, LI A H. Acoustic scattering characteristics of an underwater elastic angle reflector[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(11):2236-2242. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.11.018
[16]	周彦玲, 范军, 王斌, 等. 水下环形凹槽圆柱体散射声场空间指向性调控[J]. 物理学报, 2021, 70(17):131-138.
	ZHOU Y L, FAN J, WANG B, et al. Manipulating spatial directivity of acoustic scattering from a submerged cylinder by means of annular grooves[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(17):131-138. (in Chinese)
[17]	MATTHEW S, SAM K, LUO Y J, et al. Shaping contactless radiation forces through anomalous acoustic scattering[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13:6533. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34207-7 pmid: 36319654
[18]	李雪芹, 陈科, 刘刚. 基于ANSYS的复合材料螺旋桨叶片有限元建模与分析[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(4):591-598.
	LI X Q, CHEN K, LIU G. Finite element modeling and analysis of composite propeller blade based on ANSYS[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2017, 34(4):591-598. (in Chinese)
[19]	汤渭霖. 用物理声学方法计算非硬表面的声散射[J]. 声学学报, 1993, 18(1): 45-53.
	TANG W L. Calculation of acoustic scattering from nonrigid surface using physical acoustic method[J]. Acta Acoustics, 1993, 18(1):45-53. (in Chinese)
[20]	范军, 卓琳凯. 水下目标回波特性计算的图形声学方法[J]. 声学学报, 2006, 31(6):511-516.
	FAN J, ZHUO L K, Graphical acoustic computing method for echo characteristics calculation of underwater targets[J]. Acta Acoustics, 2006, 31(6):511-516. (in Chinese)
[21]	JACKINS P D, GAUNAURD G C. Resonance acoustic scattering from stacks of bonded elastic plates[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 80(6):1762-1776.
[22]	MOLLER T, TRUMBORE B. Fast, Minimum storage ray-triangle intersection[J]. Journal of Graphics Tools, 1997, 2(1):21-28.
[23]	朱星辰. 船用螺旋桨的参数化建模及数控加工[D]. 天津: 天津工业大学, 2020.
	ZHU X C. Parametric modeling and nc machining of marine propeller[D]. Tianjin:Tiangong University, 2008. (in Chinese)