氟聚物基活性材料冲击点火反应行为数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究氟聚物基活性材料冲击点火和爆燃反应行为,基于实验观察分别提出累积温升点火机理及瞬态热扩散反应机理,开展活性材料Taylor杆冲击破碎、点火过程的热力耦合模拟,给出对应机理下的局部热点域温升。在此基础上,利用键基近场动力学热扩散理论并结合局部热点信息构建冲击碎裂材料的传热-化学反应模型,通过红外测温实验对求解结果进行验证分析。研究结果表明:点火反应前的杆件变形、碎裂模拟特征与实验记录图像基本吻合,较好地体现了活性材料的惰性响应;通过叠加绝热剪切温升和摩擦温升,杆件局部区域形成了满足点火阈值的热点域热点域与首次火光位置基本对应,绝热剪切温升和摩擦温升呈现不均匀分布,起始位置差别明显,绝热剪切温升在冲击总温升的累积中发挥了主要作用,表明累积温升点火机理模拟反映材料的冲击点火特征;爆燃反应过程模拟证明反应火光温度的不均匀分布状态受到冲击碎裂材料的质量、形态分布的直接影响;相比于热传递效应,随活性粒子反应度增加而不断释放的反应热对维持高温区域状态起到了关键性作用。

关键词: 活性材料, 冲击点火, 爆燃反应, 热力-化学耦合, 近场动力学

Abstract:

To study the energy release behavior of impact ignition and deflagration reactions in fluorinated polymer based reactive materials,Based on experimental observations, cumulative temperature rise ignition mechanism and transient thermal diffusion reaction mechanism were proposed, and thermal coupling simulation of Taylor rod impact ignition process of active material was carried out, and the simulation provided the local hot spot temperature rise under the corresponding mechanism. On this basis, a heat transfer-chemical reaction model for fractured materials was constructed using the bond-based peridynamics thermal diffusion theory and combined with local hotspot information. The solution results were verified and analyzed using infrared temperature measurement experiments. The results showed that the simulation characteristics of deformation and fragmentation of the Taylor rod before ignition reaction are basically consistent with the experimental recorded images, which well reflects the inert response of the reactive material. By superimposing adiabatic shear temperature rise and friction temperature rise, a local area of the rod can form a hot spot region that meets the ignition threshold which basically corresponds to the location of the first flare, the distribution of adiabatic shear temperature rise and friction temperature rise is uneven, with significant differences in starting positions, and adiabatic shear temperature rise plays a dominant role in the total impact temperature rise, implying that the ignition mechanism of cumulative temperature rise can describe the impact ignition characteristics of materials. The simulation of deflagration reaction process proves that the temperature distribution inside the flame is directly affected by the mass and morphology distribution of impact fractured materials; Compared to the heat transfer effect, the reaction heat continuously released as the reactivity of the active site increases plays a crucial role in maintaining the high temperature state of the region.

Key words: reactive materials, impact initiation, deflagration reaction, thermochemical coupling, peridynamics

中图分类号:

O383
TJ410.2

李政, 马天宝. 氟聚物基活性材料冲击点火反应行为数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250060-.

LI Zheng, MA Tianbao. Numerical Research on Impact Ignition Reaction Behavior of Fluoropolymer-Based Reactive Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250060-.

图/表 28

图1 Taylor试验中剪切引发PTFE/Al试样点火的证据[2]

Fig.1 Evidence of shear-induced ignition in a Taylor test of PTFE/Al[2]

图2 韧性裂纹尖端的绝热剪切带

Fig.2 Adiabatic shear bandat the front of crack tip

图3 撞击界面上区域特征示意图

Fig.3 Illustration of regional characteristics on impact interface

图4 Taylor试验中PTFE/Al试样的纵向劈裂[20]

Fig.4 Longitudinal splitting in a Taylor test of PTFE/Al [20]

表1 PTFE/Al活性材料模型参数[12,15,17,27]

Table 1 Material model parameters of PTFE/Al[12,15,17,27]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	2260	m	0.7328
E/MPa	750	T_m/K	597
v	0.38	T_r/K	293
C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	1.16×10³	${\stackrel{·}{\epsilon }}_{0}$	1
λ_b/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.52	β	0.7
λ_s/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	45	D₁	0.23
α_ex/℃^-1	1.24×10^-7	c₀/(cm·μs^-1)	1.84
A/MPa	13.38	s	1.707
B/MPa	84. 64	Γ₀	0.59
n	0.4527	μ	0.14
C	0.374	V_f	22.7%

图5 Taylor冲击试验的有限元网格模型

Fig.5 Finite element mesh model of Taylor impact test

图6 热力耦合算法流程

Fig.6 Flowchart of thermodynamic coupling algorithm

图7 域内搜索-平均法示意图

Fig.7 Schematic of the domain search-averaging method

图8 Al/PTFE Taylor杆冲击变形轮廓

Fig.8 Al/PTFE Taylor-rod impact deformation profile

图9 Al/PTFE Taylor杆冲击轴向速度分布

Fig.9 Taylor rod impact axial velocity distribution

图10 Taylor杆撞击端冲击点火行为对比

Fig.10 Comparison of impact-initiated behavior at the impact end of Taylor rod

图11 绝热剪切带内温升分布的演化

Fig.11 Evolution of temperature rise distribution within adiabatic shear bands

图12 单位体积内的剪切变形功率

Fig.12 Shear deformation power per unit volume

图13 冲击载荷下的温度响应历程

Fig.13 Temperature response history under impact load

图14 最高温升点及附近热点的总温升及摩擦温升

Fig.14 Total temperature rise and friction temperature at the highest temperature rise point and nearby hotspots

图15 氟聚物基活性材料的传热结构

Fig.15 Combustion wave structure of fluorinated polymer-based reactive materials

图16 铝核在含氟气体中的反应路径

Fig.16 Reaction pathway of aluminum core in fluorine-containing gas

图17 PD质点间作用示意图

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of interactions between PD points

图18 DSCAN聚类分析结果

Fig.18 DSCAN clustering analysis results

图19 点云表面轮廓重建

Fig.19 Surface profile reconstruction of point cloud

图20 近场动力学计算流程图

Fig.20 Flow chart of peridynamics calculation

图21 红外测温实验系统

Fig.21 Infrared temperature measurement experimental System

图22 活性破片的爆燃反应过程

Fig.22 The deflagration reaction process of reactive fragments

图23 爆燃火光面积占比及火焰膨胀速度变化曲线

Fig.23 Proportion of explosion flame area and its expansion velocity over time

图24 反应残渣表面的固体产物

Fig.24 Solid products on the surface of reaction residue

图25 爆燃反应场的温度响应及反应状态对比(左:热成像温度,中:模拟温度,右:模拟反应度)

Fig.25 Comparison of temperature distribution and reaction state in deflagration reaction field (left: thermal imaging temperature; mid: simulation temperature; right: simulation reactivity)

图26 爆燃反应场最高温升及平均温升变化

Fig.26 The maximum and average temperature rise of the deflagration reaction field

图27 宏观反应度

Fig.27 Macro reaction ratio curve

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