基于MXene的复合织物多功能设计与实验表征

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0855

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代战场环境复杂多变,人员与装备面临高寒、电磁辐射、子弹冲击等威胁,亟需研发轻质便携的多功能防护材料。目前虽有织物多功能研究,但单功能材料物理叠加会增加质量成本。因此,采用MXene材料作为功能层,芳纶织物(Twaron)作为基础材料,有机硅胶作为表面防水层,制作多功能一体化材料MS-Twaron,进行接触角测试、电磁屏蔽测试、阻燃测试、弹道实验和光热实验。实验结果表明:1)相比于亲水材料Twaron(接触角为29.7°),MS-Twaron具有良好的疏水性能(接触角为112.3°);2)相比于完全不具有电磁屏蔽性能的Twaron,MXene质量分数为8.61%的MS-Twaron在X波段总电磁屏蔽效能提升至13.490~14.969dB;3)对比Twaron,MS-Twaron的余焰时间增加5.0s,但阴燃时间缩短3.5 s,平均损坏长度减小5.3 mm;4)MS-Twaron具有抗钝伤的性能(弹道冲击的凹陷深度比Twaron小6.12 mm);5)对比没有光热性能的Twaron,自然光(光强100.3×10³LUX)照射后,MS-Twaron表面温度高达50.22℃;白炽灯(100W,30cm)照射后,MS-Twaron温度上升至39.58℃;红外灯(375W,40cm)照射后,MS-Twaron能达到97.18℃的高温。MS-Twaron凭借轻质、光发热、电磁屏蔽等多功能一体化,可为新一代多功能防护装备的发展提供设计思路。

关键词: MXene, 光发热, 钝伤效应, 电磁屏蔽

Abstract:

In modern complex and dynamic battlefield environments,personnel and equipment are exposed to the threats such as extreme cold,electromagnetic radiation,and bullet impacts.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop the lightweight and portable multifunctional protective materials.While the existing research explores multifunctional textiles,the physical integration of single-function materials exacerbates mass and cost issues.MS-Twaron multifunctional protective material is made by using MXene materials as the functional layer and aramid fibers (Twaron) as the base material with silicone gel as a surface waterproof layer.The contact angle test,electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding test,flame retardant test,ballistic test,and photo-thermal experiment are made on MS-Twaron.The results indicate that:1)Compared to the hydrophilic material Twaron (water contact angle of 29.7°),MS-Twaron exhibits the excellent hydrophobic properties (water contact angle of 112.3°); 2)Compared to Twaron which exhibits no EMI properties,MS-Twaron with MXene mass fraction of 8.61% shows an improved EMI properties in X-band,ranging from 13.490dB to 14.969dB; 3)Compared to Twaron,MS-Twaron exhibits a 5.0s increase in afterglow time,a 3.5s reduction in glowing time,and a 5.3mm decrease in average char length.MS-Twaron has impact resistant properties of which the ballistic indentation depth is 6.12mm smaller than that of Twaron.The surface temperature of MS-Twaron can achieve up to 50.22℃ under natural light (light intensity of 100.3×10³ LUX),39.58℃ under incandescent light (100W,30cm),and 97.18℃ under infrared light (375W,40cm).With its integration of lightweight,photothermal and EMI properties,MS-Twaron offers design insights for the next-generation multifunctional protective equipment.

Key words: MXene, photothermal property, behind armor blunt trauma, electromagnetic shielding

中图分类号:

R143
TB332

陈婧, 于馨茗, 刘宇航, 周宏元, 黄广炎, 张宏. 基于MXene的复合织物多功能设计与实验表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240855-.

CHEN Jing, YU Xinming, LIU Yuhang, ZHOU Hongyuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Multifunctional Design and Experimental Characterization of MXene-decorated Composite Fabrics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240855-.

图/表 19

图1 MS-Twaron制备过程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of MS-Twaron preparation process

表1 测试中使用MS-Twaron织物制备参数

Table 1 The fabric preparation parameter table used in test

用途	尺寸/ cm²	硅胶质量/g	MXene 水溶液体积/ml	面密度/(g·m^-2)		MXene/ %
用途	尺寸/ cm²	硅胶质量/g	MXene 水溶液体积/ml	改性前	改性后	MXene/ %
光发热实验	15	0	2.0	200	210.97	2.92
光发热实验	15	0.2700	2.0	200	372.26	2.71
电磁屏蔽测试	2.34	0.0421	0.5	200	371.94	2.67
电磁屏蔽测试	2.34	0.0421	1.0	200	411.77	8.61
弹道钝伤实验	400	7.2000	45.0	200	376.64	2.65
阻燃测试	267	5.3400	30.0	200	373.72	2.74
接触角测试	15	0.2700	2.0	200	362.37	2.56

图2 电磁屏蔽测试原理图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of electromagnetic shielding test

图3 垂直燃烧实验仪

Fig.3 Vertical combustion tester

图4 阻燃测试结果测量图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of flame retardant test results measurement

图5 弹道实验布局图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of ballistic impact

图6 光热实验布局图

Fig.6 Photo-thermal experiment layout

图7 Twaron和MS-Twaron接触角对比

Fig.7 Comparison of contact angles of Twaron and MS-Twaron

图8 电磁屏蔽测试结果

Fig.8 Test results of electromagnetic shielding

表2 Twaron阻燃测试结果

Table 2 Flame retardant test results of Twaron

参数	实验1	实验2	实验3	平均值
余焰时间/s	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7
阴燃时间/s	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.8
燃烧损毁长度/mm	39	29	30	33
是否烧穿	否	否	否
是否引燃棉垫	否	否	否

表3 MS-Twaron阻燃测试结果

Table 3 Flame retardant test results of MS-Twaron

参数	实验1	实验2	实验3	平均值
余焰时间/s	3.0	3.8	10.3	5.7
阴燃时间/s	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
燃烧损毁长度/mm	26	32	25	27.7
是否烧穿	否	否	否
是否引燃棉垫	否	否	否

表4 Twaron与MS-Twaron的防钝伤实验数据

Table 4 Blunt trauma protection experimental results of Twaron and MS-Twaron

Twaron		MS-Twaron
速度/(m·s^-1)	凹陷/mm	速度/(m·s^-1)	凹陷/mm
112.37	15.54	115.16	9.35
126.65	16.63	119.28	10.18
128.22	18.31	128.35	12.20
140.90	22.50	141.57	16.79

图9 3个测试时间Twaron,M-Twaron,和MS-Twaron的温度变化

Fig.9 Temperature variations of Twaron,M-Twaron,and MS-Twaron at three different test times

图10 在白炽灯(40cm,100W)照射下3种试样的温度变化

Fig.10 Temperature variations of three samples under the irradiation of incandescent lamp (40cm,100W)

图11 距离不同白炽灯(100W)照射MS-Twaron的温度变化

Fig.11 Temperature variation of MS-Twaron irradiated by incandescent lamp (100W) at different distances

图12 功率不同白炽灯(40cm)照射MS-Twaron的温度变化

Fig.12 Temperature variation of MS-Twaron irradiated by incandescent lamp (40cm) with different powers

图13 在红外灯(40cm,250W)照射下3种试样的温度变化

Fig.13 Temperature variations of three samples under the irradiation of infrared lamp (40cm,250W)

图14 MS-Twaron在红外灯不同距离照射下的温度变化(250W)

Fig.14 Temperature variations of MS-Twaron under the irradiation of infrared lamp at different distance(250W)

图15 MS-Twaron在红外灯不同功率照射下的温度变化(40cm)

Fig.15 Temperature variations of MS-Twaron under different power irradiation of infrared lamp(40cm)

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