典型防爆装备对爆炸地震波的防护性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0834

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

爆炸地震波以其波长长、振幅强、传播速度快等特征,成为诱发建筑物坍塌和基础设施损毁等爆炸次生灾害的主要因素。基于2种典型防爆装备开展不同TNT药量的静爆试验,研究空爆(Free-Air Blast,FAB)、钢质防爆(Steel Explosion-Proof,SEP)和柔性防爆(Flexible Explosion-Proof,FEP)3种不同防护条件下爆炸地震波的传播衰减规律,分析SEP和FEP 2种典型防爆装备的振速时域响应与主振频率特性。构建SEP和FEP防护下的三轴峰值振速矢量和衰减模型,并据此划分建筑物破坏等级,细分为安全、轻微破坏、严重破坏三级判据准则。研究发现:三轴峰值振速矢量和随着TNT药量的增加而增大,随着爆距的增大而减小;三轴主频对于爆距或TNT药量的增大并无明显变化规律,相较于FAB,SEP和FEP均展现出对爆炸地震波三轴峰值振速的大幅度防护性能。所得研究结果可为相关防爆装备结构设计和爆炸地震波防护效能评价提供参考。

关键词: 爆炸地震波, 三轴峰值振速矢量和, 主振频率, 防爆装备, 防护性能

Abstract:

Explosion-induced seismic waves have become the main factors inducing secondary disasters such as building collapse and infrastructure damage due to their long wavelength,strong amplitude and fast propagation speed.Based on two kinds of typical explosion-proof equipment,the static explosion tests with different TNT dosages are carried out to study the propagation and attenuation law of explosion-induced seismic waves under three different protection conditions of free-air blast (FAB),steel explosion-proof (SEP) and flexible explosion-proof (FEP).The vibration velocity time-domain responses and main vibration frequency characteristics of SEP and FEP equipment are analyzed.The three-axis peak vibration velocity vector and attenuation models under the protection of SEP and FEP equipment are constructed,and the damage level of building is divided accordingly,which is subdivided into three criteria of safety,slight damage and serious damage.It is found that the vector sum of triaxial peak vibration velocities increases with the increase of TNT charge,and decreases with the increase of detonation distance.The triaxial dominant frequency shows no obvious change rule when the detonation distance or TNT charge increases.Compared with FAB,both SEP and FEP show significant protection performance against the triaxial peak vibration velocity of explosion-induced seismic waves.The research results can provide reference for the structural design of related explosion-proof equipment and the evaluation of explosion-induced seismic wave protection effectiveness.

Key words: explosion-induced seismic wave, vector sum of triaxial peak vibration velocities, dominant frequency, explosion-proof equipment, protection performance

中图分类号:

TJ410.6

刘瀚, 翟馨怡, 杨磊, 王志远, 黄广炎. 典型防爆装备对爆炸地震波的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240834-.

LIU Han, ZHAI Xinyi, YANG Lei, WANG Zhiyuan, HUANG Guangyan. Protection Performance of Typical Explosion-proof Equipment against Explosion-induced Seismic Waves[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240834-.

图/表 19

参考文献 31

[14]	董晓鹏. 爆炸地震与空气冲击波作用下网架结构动力响应研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2017.
	DONG X P. Dynamic response of a space grid structure to explosion seism and air shock wave[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[15]	耿民, 刘玺, 李植伟, 等. 采用数值模拟方法对隔震沟隔震效应的研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2024, 45(增刊1):293-299.
	GENG M, LIU X, LI Z W, et al. Research on isolation effect of isolation ditch based on numerical simulation method[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2024, 45(S1):293-299. (in Chinese)
[16]	刘鑫. 爆炸荷载下柱顶隔震结构柱动态响应分析[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2019.
	LIU X. Dynamic response analysis of top isolated structural column under blast loads[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[17]	ZHAO C F, ZHANG L, MA H H, et al. Experimental and numerical study on the blast performance of the corrugated double steel plate concrete composite wallboard under blast loads[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2024, 200:111921.
[18]	曾一鑫, 白春华, 王仲琦. 基于HHT研究房屋结构对爆炸地震的振动响应[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(15):71-75.
	ZENG Y X, BAI C H, WANG Z Q. Vibration response of a residential structure to blast based on HHT[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33 (15):71-75. (in Chinese)
[19]	贾琪. 径向超材料波屏蔽特性研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2023.
	JIA Q. Study on wave shielding properties of radial metamaterials[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)
[20]	杨磊, 刘瀚, 黄广炎, 等. 典型防爆装备对TNT爆炸冲击波的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10):2871-2884. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281
[1]	DANDO B D E, GOERTZ-ALLMANN B P, BRISSAUD Q, et al. Identifying attacks in the Russia-Ukraine conflict using seismic array data[J]. Nature, 2023, 621(7980):767-772.
[2]	方秦, 杨石刚, 陈力, 等. 天津港“8·12”特大火灾爆炸事故建筑物和人员损伤破坏情况及其爆炸威力分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2017, 50(3):12-18.
	FANG Q, YANG S G, CHEN L, et al. Analysis on the building damage,personnel casualties and blast energy of the “8·12” explosion in Tianjin Port[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2017, 50 (3):12-18. (in Chinese)
[3]	王晨辰, 张盛中, 杨晓瑜, 等. 天津港“8·12”爆炸事件记录波形分析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2018, 40(1):130-138.
	WANG C C, ZHANG S Z, YANG X Y, et al. Analysis of recorded waveform during the 8·12 explosion incident in Tianjin harbor[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2018, 40(1):130-138. (in Chinese)
[4]	YU C L, WANG Z Q, HAN W G. A prediction model for amplitude-frequency characteristics of blast-induced seismic waves[J]. Geophysics, 2018, 83(3):T159-T173.
[5]	SHANG F, WANG L Q. Analysis of the ammunition explosion seismic wave propagation law[J]. Journal of Vibroengineering, 2023, 25(6):1154-1165.
[6]	李学政, 王敏超. 小当量地下爆炸的质点速度模型[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37 (5):899-905.
	LI X Z, WANG M C. Particle velocity model on small yields underground explosions[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2017, 37(5):899-905. (in Chinese)
[7]	周岸峰, 李道奎, 周仕明, 等. 爆炸地冲击载荷计算方法综述[J]. 工程爆破, 2023, 29(5):38-46,56.
[20]	YANG L, LIU H, HUANG G Y, et al. Protection performance of typical explosion-proof equipment against TNT blast shock wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44 (10):2871-2884. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0281
[21]	伍福寿, 张学民, 韩淼, 等. 近接既有隧道爆破激发地震波成分构成及特性研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 55(4) 1406-1417.
	WU F S, ZHANG X M, HAN M, et al. Study on the components and characteristics of seismic waves induced by blasting in adjacent existing tunnel[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2024, 55(4):1406-1417. (in Chinese)
[22]	WANG L Q, KONG D R. Seismic waves comparative analysis of thermobaric explosive and TNT explosive in shallow underground chemical explosion[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies, 2023, 11(8):4323-4335.
[23]	金旭浩. 爆破地震波的产生及衰减机制[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2013.
	JIN X H. The generation and attenuation mechanism of blasting induced seismic wave[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[24]	周俊汝, 卢文波, 张乐, 等. 爆破地震波传播过程的振动频率衰减规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014,(11):2171-2178.
	ZHOU J R, LU W B, ZHANG L, et al. Attenuation of vibration frequency during propagation of blasting seismic wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014,(11):2171-2178. (in Chinese)
[25]	ZHOU J R, LU W B, YAN P, et al. Frequency-dependent attenuation of blasting vibration waves[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016, 49(10):4061-4072.
[26]	谢姣. 基于Ansys/ls-dyna数值模拟的爆破地震效应影响因素分析[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014.
	XIE J. The analysis of blasting seismic effect factors based on Ansys/ls-dyna numerical simulation[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[7]	ZHOU A F, LI D K, ZHOU S M, et al. A surrey of explosion ground shock load calculation methods[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2023, 29(5):38-46,56. (in Chinese)
[8]	WANG Q, TAO T J, JIA J, et al. Analysis of blasting vibration duration considering frequency and energy and its application[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(12):e33210.
[9]	FAN C H, GE J F. Dynamic calculation method of vibration response of building blasting based on differential equation[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020, 20:101178.
[10]	雷振, 李卓, 雷兴海, 等. 爆破振动作用下高层建筑振速变化规律研究[J]. 工程爆破, 2022, 28(2):7-14.
	LEI Z, LI Z, LEI X H, et al. Variation law of vibration velocity of high-rise buildings under blasting vibration[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2022, 28(2):7-14. (in Chinese)
[11]	娄建武, 龙源, 徐全军, 等. 普通民房在爆破地震波作用下的振动破坏分析[J]. 解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 2(2):21-25.
	LOU J W, LONG Y, XU Q J, et al. Analysis of damage to low-rise houses under blastins seismic wave[J]. Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA, 2001, 2(2):21-25. (in Chinese)
[12]	高富强, 张光雄, 杨军. 爆破地震荷载作用下建筑结构的动力响应分析[J]. 爆破, 2015, 32(1):5-10,80.
	GAO F Q, ZHANG G X, YANG J. Dynamic response analysis of building structure under blasting seismic loads[J]. Blasting, 2015, 32 (1):5-10,80. (in Chinese)
[13]	李万涛, 赵凯, 徐成岩, 等. 局部凹陷地形对爆炸地震波传播规律影响的研究[J]. 现代矿业, 2019, 35(9):56-60.
	LI W T, ZHAO K, XU C Y, et al. Study on the influence of the local sag terrain on the propagation of explosion seismic waves[J]. Modern Mining, 2019, 35(9):56-60. (in Chinese)
[27]	ZHOU Y, WANG T, ZHU W, et al. Evaluation of blast mitigation effects of hollow cylindrical barriers based on water and foam[J]. Composite Structures, 2022, 282:115016.
[28]	YANG L, WANG T, BIAN X B, et al. Evaluation of blast mitigation performance of cylindrical explosion containment vessels based on water containers[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 181:104729.
[29]	ZHU W, HUANG G Y, LIU H, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of a hollow cylindrical water based barrier against internal blast induced fragment loading[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2020, 138:103503.
[30]	安胜杰, 易吉祥, 池恩安, 等. 爆破地震波传播规律试验研究[J]. 爆破, 2021, 38(2):32-36,166.
	AN S J, YI J X, CHI E A, et al. Experimental research on blasting seismic wave propagation law[J]. Blasting, 2021, 38 (2):32-36,166. (in Chinese)
[31]	冉成. 爆破地震波作用下房屋结构动力响应研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2017.
	RAN C. Dynamic response research of building structure under blasting seismic wave[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)

工况	TNT药量/g	防护条件
1	750	FAB
2	1500
3	2250
4	750	SEP
5	1500
6	2250
7	3000
8	750	FEP
9	1500
10	2250
11	3000

工况	TNT药量/g	防护条件
1	750	FAB
2	1500
3	2250
4	750	SEP
5	1500
6	2250
7	3000
8	750	FEP
9	1500
10	2250
11	3000

TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	振速/(cm·s^-1)			主频/Hz
TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	x轴	y轴	z轴	x轴	y轴	z轴
750	4	12.58	4.38	8.73	26.68	43.18	124.38
	6	7.68	1.30	5.95	108.23	21.46	154.32
	8	4.43	1.42	5.60	250	26.82	147.93
1500	4	24.42	6.07	15.41	56.31	162.34	95.42
	6	12.34	1.83	8.64	79.11	35.41	127.55
	8	6.65	2.01	7.02	91.58	30.01	157.23
2250	4	23.82	9.81	20.69	80.39	252.53	12.83
	6	15.25	4.01	10.72	42.74	8.94	181.16
	8	7.22	1.91	7.95	61.12	11.89	93.63

TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	振速/(cm·s^-1)			主频/Hz
TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	x轴	y轴	z轴	x轴	y轴	z轴
750	4	12.58	4.38	8.73	26.68	43.18	124.38
	6	7.68	1.30	5.95	108.23	21.46	154.32
	8	4.43	1.42	5.60	250	26.82	147.93
1500	4	24.42	6.07	15.41	56.31	162.34	95.42
	6	12.34	1.83	8.64	79.11	35.41	127.55
	8	6.65	2.01	7.02	91.58	30.01	157.23
2250	4	23.82	9.81	20.69	80.39	252.53	12.83
	6	15.25	4.01	10.72	42.74	8.94	181.16
	8	7.22	1.91	7.95	61.12	11.89	93.63

TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	振速/(cm·s^-1)			主频/Hz
TNT 药量/g	爆距/m	x轴	y轴	z轴	x轴	y轴	z轴
750	4	6.59	1.1	4.65	96.53	25.46	164.47
	6	4.33	0.69	3.06	107.3	48.73	134.41
	8	2.84	0.41	2.99	61.88	47.65	150.6
1500	4	10.27	3.32	5.56	87.72	17.28	189.39
	6	6.2	1.25	4.95	101.21	43.78	158.23
	8	4.49	0.94	4.35	98.81	29.94	143.68
2250	4	7.89	5.66	9.53	46.9	19.52	141.24
	6	4.48	3.77	8.96	26.26	43.48	204.92
	8	3.34	2.31	6.64	59.24	14.59	149.7
3000	4	10.54	5.56	12.19	52.74	116.28	162.34
	6	5.41	4.22	12.83	26.68	175.68	165.56
	8	5.4	2.04	9.27	35.82	34.29	120.19