环形螺旋桨的空化机理与性能分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0623

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空化现象是螺旋桨研究关注的重点,而关于环形螺旋桨的空化机理与特性分析尚有不足。通过构建环形螺旋桨三维数值模型,探索其空泡分布与空化机理,基于多重参考系法、应用Schnerr-Sauer空化模型对环形螺旋桨开展空化数值仿真,分析不同转速及进速系数下环形螺旋桨的空化特性。对气相体积分数云图的处理结果表明:环形螺旋桨的前后缘空化规律差异巨大,其过渡段吸力面是最容易发生空化的区域;前缘压力面的空化总先于后缘压力面,前后缘吸力面几乎同时发生空化。研究结果可支撑环形螺旋桨噪声性能与水动力性能进一步工作,为我国水下重点型号装备与下一代水面高速航行器研究提供一定的技术支持。

关键词: 环形螺旋桨, 空泡分布, 空化规律, Schnerr-Sauer模型

Abstract:

The toroidal propeller is a kind of novel propeller,of which the cavitation characteristics are not yet clear.A three-dimensional numerical model is established to analyze the cavity distribution and cavitation mechanism of toroidal propeller.The toroidal propeller are simulated based on the multiple reference frames method and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model,and the cavitation characteristics of toroidal propeller under different rotational speeds and advance coefficients are analyzed.The calculated results of the volume fraction of gas phase under different rotational speeds and advance coefficients show that the cavitation laws of the front and rear edges of toroidal propeller are very different,and the suction surface of the transition section is the most prone to cavitation.The cavitation of the front edge pressure surface always occurs earlier than that of the rear edge pressure surface,while the cavitations of the front and rear edge suction surfaces occur almost simultaneously.The research results can support the further improvement on the noise and hydrodynamic performances of toroidal propeller.

Key words: toroidal propeller, cavity distribution, cavitation characteristics, Schnerr-Sauer model

中图分类号:

U664.33

向粤, 王文杰. 环形螺旋桨的空化机理与性能分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240623-.

XIANG Yue, WANG Wenjie. Cavitation Mechanism and Performance Analysis of Toroidal Propeller[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240623-.

图/表 16

图 1 计算模型

Fig.1 Computational model

图2 环形螺旋桨各部分名称

Fig.2 The name of each part of toroidal propeller

表1 计算模型主要参数

Table 1 The main parameters of computational model

参数	环形螺旋桨	PPTC桨
直径D/mm	381	381
毂径比	0.34	0.3
轴距L/mm	60
桨叶数/对	3	5

图3 计算域划分

Fig.3 Computational domain division

表2 环形螺旋桨网格无关性分析

Table 2 Grid-independent analysis of toroidal propeller

编号	网格数量	最小尺寸/mm	加密区尺寸/mm	效率
1	8427400	1.2	8	0.424
2	9908978	1.2	5	0.431
3	13853315	0.8	5	0.471
4	18349290	0.8	3	0.473
5	22250716	0.5	3	0.473

图4 计算用体网格密度图

Fig.4 Density plot of volumetric mesh

表3 PPTC螺旋桨敞水效率模拟结果

Table 3 Simulated results of open water efficiency of PPTC propeller

J	ETA试验值	ETA计算值	误差/%
0.6	0.4300	0.4295	-0.12
0.8	0.5512	0.5397	-2.09
1.0	0.6520	0.6753	3.57
1.2	0.7258	0.7619	4.97
1.4	0.7487	0.7318	-2.26

表4 空化特性计算流场参数设置

Table 4 Flow field parameter settings for cavitation properties calculation

n/(r·min^-1)	v_a/(m·s^-1)
n/(r·min^-1)	J=0.3	J=0.6
1000	1.9050	3.8100
1500	2.8575	5.7150
2000	3.8100	7.6200
2500	4.7625	9.5250
3000	5.7150	11.4300
3500	6.6675	13.3350
4000	7.6200	15.2400
4500	8.5725	17.1450

图5 J=0.3 PPTC桨空泡分布情况

Fig.5 Cavity distribution of PPTC propeller for J=0.3

图6 J=0.3 环形螺旋桨空泡分布

Fig.6 Cavity distribution of toroidal propeller for J=0.3

图7 J=0.6 PPTC桨空泡分布情况

Fig.7 Cavity distribution of PPTC propeller for J=0.6

图8 J=0.6 环形螺旋桨空泡分布

Fig.8 Cavity distribution of toroidal propeller for J=0.6

图9 J=0.3 环形螺旋桨压力面空化情况

Fig.9 Cavitation of the pressure surface of toroidal propeller for J=0.3

图10 J=0.6 环形螺旋桨压力面空化情况

Fig.10 Cavitation of the pressure surface of toroidal propeller for J=0.6

图11 J=0.3 环形螺旋桨吸力面空化情况

Fig.11 Cavitation of the suction surface of toroidal propeller for J=0.3

图12 J=0.6 环形螺旋桨吸力面空化情况

Fig.12 Cavitation of the suction surface of toroidal propeller for J=0.6

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