高轨海洋水色卫星综合定标与数据应用研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高轨海洋观测卫星是监测近海短时间尺度的海洋环境变化和突发灾害的有效手段。聚焦于高轨海洋水色卫星技术的综合定标与数据应用,探讨在轨海洋水色遥感器的技术现状与发展趋势,指出当前高轨海洋水色卫星在大气校正、辐射定标和传感器稳定性等方面面临的技术挑战。为了应对这些挑战,提出一种天地一体化的定标方案,该方案结合地面定标、实验室定标和在轨定标三者的优势,能够在不同阶段和条件下实现对遥感器的高精度校准。通过使用标准的辐射源和精密的测量设备,地面定标可确保在轨传感器的初始精度,而在轨定标则通过持续监测与校正,维持传感器的长期稳定性和数据一致性。研究总结了高轨海洋水色卫星技术在未来的发展方向,强调了多源遥感数据融合、智能化定标算法和自主在轨校正技术的重要性。所得研究成果旨在为海洋观测提供更加准确和可靠的数据支持,推动高轨海洋水色卫星技术在环境监测、资源管理和科学研究中的广泛应用。

关键词: 卫星, 高轨, 海洋水色, 定标, 数据应用

Abstract:

High-orbit ocean observation satellites are effective tools for monitoring the short-term changes in marine environments and the sudden disasters near coastlines.This paper focuses on the comprehensive calibration and data application of high-orbit ocean color satellite technology.The current status and development trends of ocean color sensors in orbit are discussed,and the technical challenges,such as atmospheric correction,radiometric calibration,and sensor stability,are presented.To address these challenges,a unified calibration approach integrating ground-based,laboratory-based and on-orbit calibration methods is proposed.This approach ensures the high-precision calibration of sensors under different phases and conditions.The ground-based calibration,utilizing the standard radiometric sources and precise measurement equipment,ensures the initial accuracy of on-orbit sensors.Meanwhile,the on-orbit calibration involves the continuous monitoring and correction to maintain the long-term stability and data consistency of the sensors.The future developing directions of high-orbit ocean color satellite technology are summarized,and the importances of multisource remote sensing data integration,intelligent calibration algorithms and autonomous on-orbit correction techniques are emphasized.The research aims to provide more accurate and reliable data support for ocean observation,promoting the rwidespread application of high-orbit ocean color satellite technology in environmental monitoring,resource management,and scientific research.

Key words: satellite, high-orbit, ocean color, calibration, data application

中图分类号:

V474

陈卓一, 孙荣阳, 王福海, 李铸澎, 岳荣刚, 王成伦. 高轨海洋水色卫星综合定标与数据应用研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S2): 139-145.

CHEN Zhuoyi, SUN Rongyang, WANG Fuhai, LI Zhupeng, YUE Ronggang, WANG Chenglun. Comprehensive Calibration and Data Application of High-orbit Ocean-color Satellite[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 139-145.

图/表 8

图1 GOCI卫星

Fig.1 GOCI satellite

图2 GOCI长江口逐小时观测图像(2011年4月5日)

Fig.2 Hour-by-hour observations of the Yangtze River Estuary by GOCI(April 5,2011)

表1 天地一体化综合定标方案设计

Table 1 Design of comprehensive calibration scheme for space-earth integration

定标阶段		定标项目设计
地面研制阶段		实验室积分球定标	定标机构内定标
整星在轨阶段	单载荷	定标机构引入太阳光	定标机构内定标
	多载荷	各载荷设置3个相同谱段进行自交叉定标
	整星太阳定标	整星机动,多载荷同时进行太阳定标
	整星对月定标	整星机动,多载荷同时对满月月面成像
	与其他卫星主动交叉定标	整星机动,与其他卫星同时对地面相同区域进行同步成像

图3 星上对太阳定标原理图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of sun calibration on satellite

图4 月球轨道及地球、月球和太阳的位置

Fig.4 The orbit of moon and the positions of earth,moon and sun

图5 在轨交叉定标流程

Fig.5 Process of on-orbit cross-calibration

图6 GF-4反演获得的长三角地区及近海悬浮物浓度

Fig.6 The concentration of suspended matters in Yangtze River Delta and offshore area by inversion of GF-4 observation data

表2 综合定标手段对联合应用效果的提升

Table 2 The improvement of combined application effect by comprehensive calibration methods

序号	验证内容	应用评价
1	SeaWiFS与HY-1卫星COCTS的系统交叉辐射校正	定标之后反演的各要素值与初始的反演值相比,有了很大的改进,与SeaWiFS反演产品结果接近
2	MODIS的HJ-1B红外通道星上定标系数交叉验证	HJ-1B红外通道基于星上定标系数反演得到的离表亮温进行定标验证,精度在1K以内
3	利用MODIS对FY-2E/VISSR红外窗区和水汽通道的交叉绝对辐射定标	利用2010年5月、7月和12月3个月的观测资料进行了交叉定标计算.交叉定标系数计算亮温与MODIS匹配点处实测结果非常接近,约90%的亮温偏差小于1K
4	利用MODIS对CBERS_02卫星CCD相机进行辐射交叉定标	交叉定标系数与8月25日的场地定标结果差异在2%~5%。与8月19日的场地定标及巴西提供的场地定标系数差别大些,最大的约10%
5	Landsat 5 TM、Landsat 7 ETM+及Landsat 8 OLI交叉定标研究	取不同区域的水体、植被、裸土地表反射率进行拟合,拟合度高,差异小
6	基于光谱与几何匹配的GOCI与MODIS交叉辐射定标	通过MODIS数据模拟的GOCI相应波段的表观箱亮度与GOCI实测结果比对, $R 2$ 大于0.8

表2 综合定标手段对联合应用效果的提升

Table 2 The improvement of combined application effect by comprehensive calibration methods

序号	验证内容	应用评价
1	SeaWiFS与HY-1卫星COCTS的系统交叉辐射校正	定标之后反演的各要素值与初始的反演值相比,有了很大的改进,与SeaWiFS反演产品结果接近
2	MODIS的HJ-1B红外通道星上定标系数交叉验证	HJ-1B红外通道基于星上定标系数反演得到的离表亮温进行定标验证,精度在1K以内
3	利用MODIS对FY-2E/VISSR红外窗区和水汽通道的交叉绝对辐射定标	利用2010年5月、7月和12月3个月的观测资料进行了交叉定标计算.交叉定标系数计算亮温与MODIS匹配点处实测结果非常接近,约90%的亮温偏差小于1K
4	利用MODIS对CBERS_02卫星CCD相机进行辐射交叉定标	交叉定标系数与8月25日的场地定标结果差异在2%~5%。与8月19日的场地定标及巴西提供的场地定标系数差别大些,最大的约10%
5	Landsat 5 TM、Landsat 7 ETM+及Landsat 8 OLI交叉定标研究	取不同区域的水体、植被、裸土地表反射率进行拟合,拟合度高,差异小
6	基于光谱与几何匹配的GOCI与MODIS交叉辐射定标	通过MODIS数据模拟的GOCI相应波段的表观箱亮度与GOCI实测结果比对, $R 2$ 大于0.8

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