面向高轨卫星的探测集群接入机制设计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0354

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用高轨卫星高效回传集群探测数据以获取决策优势,是现代战争中不可或缺的一环。为实现探测数据近实时传输,集群卫星接入响应时间需要进一步缩短。面向集群规模扩展、高轨卫星通信链路较长且时断时续场景,针对现有接入机制在单次接入时延较大情况下仍需反复冲击重传问题,提出一种基于编队维护信息的探测集群编队非正交接入(FMI-NOMA)机制。该机制利用集群节点间可交互特性,采用选举算法汇聚信息以降低同时接入节点数量;结合功率域非正交技术,在避免大量节点反复尝试接入卫星的同时,提升节点接入成功概率,实现集群高轨卫星接入性能提升。综合考虑集群节点数量、编队链路与星地链路中断率等因素,建立接入时延与资源效率性能分析模型及资源效率最优化模型,分析优化单次接入节点数量与维护次数等机制参数。仿真结果表明,FMI-NOMA机制相较于竞争解决的多样性时隙ALOHA(CRDSA)机制及改进的CRDSA3机制,资源效率提升了约45%、接入时延降低了约12%,在编队规模扩展、星地链路时断时续的高轨卫星接入场景下更具优势。

关键词: 高轨卫星, 集群编队接入机制, 分布式选举, 功率域非正交

Abstract:

Using satellites in high earth orbit (HEO) to return swarm detection data to gain decision-making advantages is indispensable in modern warfare. The access delay needs to be shortened to realize the real-time transmission of detection data. To deal with the scenario of large swarm size and long and intermittent communication links of satellites in HEO, we propose a formation maintenance information based non-orthogonal multiple access (FMI-NOMA) mechanism to solve the problem that the existing mechanism needs retransmission in the case of large single access delay. FMI-NOMA mechanism utilizes the interaction between nodes and uses an election algorithm to aggregate information so that only part of the nodes are allowed to attempt access at a time. Moreover, this mechanism combines the power domain non-orthogonal method to improve the probability of successful node access and avoid repeated attempted access, so that the access performance and system resource efficiency can be further increased. We model the service delay and resource efficiency and establish the optimization model of resource efficiency to analyze the key factors affecting the performance of the proposed mechanism considering the number of swarm nodes, the outage probability between the formation nodes, and the outage probability of satellite-ground links and other factors. The simulation results show that the mechanism improves the resource efficiency by about 45% and reduces the access delay by about 12% compared with the CRDSA mechanism and the improved CRDSA3 mechanism in the literature which has advantages in the HEO satellite communication systems with expanding formation scale and intermittent satellite-ground links.

Key words: HEO satellite networks, access scheme for swarm formation, distributed election, power domain

中图分类号:

TN927⁺.23

仝欣, 李旭, 刘颖. 面向高轨卫星的探测集群接入机制设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8): 2354-2367.

TONG Xin, LI Xu, LIU Yin. Design of Access Scheme for Detection Swarm for Satellites in HEO[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8): 2354-2367.

图/表 12

图1 探测集群高轨卫星接入应用场景示意图

Fig.1 Application scenario of HEO satellite swarm access

图2 帧结构示意图

Fig.2 Diagram of frame structure

图3 FMI-NOMA机制流程

Fig.3 Process of FMI-NOMA

图4 选举算法示意图

Fig.4 Diagram of election algorithm

图5 基于FMI-NOMA机制的高轨卫星编队接入流程举例

Fig.5 An example of access process based on FMI-NOMA

表1 参数取值范围

Table 1 Value ranges of parameters

参数	取值范围
H	3
N	90~200
N_access	1~N
p_out-c	0.1, 0.2
p_out-s	0.1, 0.2
K	≥1
θ	0.6
S_a	⌊480/T_s」
T_c/μs	500
T_s/ms	6.48^[7,20]
T_tr/ms	120
T_serv/s	3^[27]

图6 接入成功概率

Fig.6 Access success probability

图7 FMI-NOMA机制接入时延

Fig.7 Access delay of FMI-NOMA

图8 FMI-NOMA机制资源效率

Fig.8 Resource efficiency of FMI-NOMA

图9 最优单次接入节点数与编队网络维护次数

Fig.9 Diagram of optimal resource efficiency

图10 不同机制接入时延

Fig.10 Access delay of different mechanisms

图11 不同机制资源效率

Fig.11 Resource efficiency of different mechanisms

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