活性射流作用复合混凝土结构动态毁伤特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0630

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究复合混凝土结构在活性射流侵彻与爆炸联合作用下动态毁伤行为,采用全尺寸毁伤实验和动能-化学能分段数值模拟相结合的方法,获取活性射流作用不同面层厚度复合混凝土结构动态毁伤特性。实验结果表明:在PTFE/Al活性射流侵彻-爆炸联合作用下,混凝土层出现中心侵孔、崩落、隆起、径向/环向裂纹等多种毁伤模式,随混凝土层增厚,崩落面积增大,但隆起高度与径向裂纹数量减少。基于有限元分析软件,引入改进RHT混凝土模型,结合活性射流反应特性,采用FEM-SPH算法对动能侵彻-爆炸增强毁伤行为进行分段数值模拟,结合实验和数值模拟结果,给出活性射流有效质量空间分布特性,确定动能侵彻和爆炸增强毁伤增益关系,研究表明,活性射流爆炸增强毁伤可在动能侵彻毁伤基础上,分别对侵孔直径和破坏区直径增大116%和59.7%,大幅提升对复合混凝土结构破坏效果。

关键词: 复合混凝土结构, 活性射流, 侵彻行为, 爆炸增强, 毁伤效应

Abstract:

The dynamic damage characteristics of composite concrete structure under the combined action of reactive jet penetration and explosion are studied. A method combining full-scale damage experiment and kinetic-chemical energy segmented numerical simulation is used to obtain the dynamic damage characteristics of composite concrete structures with different surface layer thicknesses under the action of reactive jet. The findings reveal various damage modes, including central penetration holes, collapse, bulge, and radial/circumferential cracks, in the concrete layers under the combined action of PTFE/Al jet penetration and explosion. As the thickness of the concrete layer increases, the spalling area increases, while the height of bulge and the number of radial cracks decrease. Utilizing finite element analysis software, in conjunction with the reactive characteristics of the jet and a modified-RHT concrete model capable of simulating concrete tensile failure, the study employed the FEM-SPH algorithm and restart approach for segmented numerical simulation of damage behavior, resulting in damage effect diagrams to further analyze the mechanisms behind damage discrepancies. The spatial distribution characteristics of the reactive jetare pesented by combining experimental and numerical results, establishing the relationship between kinetic penetration damage and explosion-enhanced damage. The numerically simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that, on the basis of kinetic energy damage, the diameters of penetrating hole and damaged areaare increased by 116% and 59.7%, respectively, under the action of explosion enhanced; damage of reactive jet.

Key words: composite concrete structure, reactive jet, penetration behavior, explosion enhancement, damage effect

中图分类号:

TJ410.4

苏成海, 王中, 马红兵, 郑元枫, 王海福. 活性射流作用复合混凝土结构动态毁伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 135-146.

SU Chenghai, WANG Zhong, MA Hongbing, ZHENG Yuanfeng, WANG Haifu. Dynamic Damage Characteristics of Composite Concrete Structure Subjected to Reactive Jet[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 135-146.

图/表 24

图1 复合混凝土结构

Fig.1 Composite concrete structure

表1 混凝土层力学测试

Table 1 Compressive strength and flexural strength tests of concrete layer

编号	抗压破坏载荷/kN	测试抗压强度/MPa	平均抗折强度/MPa	抗折破坏载荷/kN	测试抗折强度/MPa	平均抗折强度/MPa
1	1075.2	47.8		38.6	5.1
2	1050.1	46.7	47.3	38.2	5.1	5.1
3	1065.5	47.4		38.2	5.1

图2 活性药型罩微观结构扫描结果

Fig.2 Scanning results of the microstructure of the reactive liner

表2 EDS面扫元素含量分析结果

Table 2 EDS surface scan elemental analyzed results

元素	质量百分比/%	原子百分比/%
C	24.02	35.48
O	1.32	1.46
F	59.30	55.37
Al	11.12	7.31
Au	4.25	0.38

图3 活性药型罩聚能装药结构

Fig.3 Structure of reactive liner shaped charge

图4 活性药型罩聚能装药结构

Fig.4 Experimental principle and setup

图5 活性射流对复合混凝土结构动态毁伤过程高速摄影

Fig.5 High-speed photography the damage of reactive jetsto composite concrete structures

图6 活性射流对Hc=250mm复合混凝土结构毁伤结果

Fig.6 Dynamic damage results of Hc=250mm composite concrete structure subjected to reactive jet

图7 不同厚度复合混凝土结构动态毁伤结果

Fig.7 Dynamic damage results of composite concrete structures with different thicknesses

图8 动能侵彻与侵彻-爆炸联合毁伤对比

Fig.8 Comparison of composite concrete damages affected by Al jet and reactive jet

表3 复合混凝土结构动态毁伤结果对比

Table 3 Comparison of dynamic damage results of composite concrete structures

实验编号	H_c/cm	D_p/cm	D_c/cm	δ_b/cm	L	环向裂纹直径/cm
活性射流-1	250	37	87×75	6	8	330
活性射流-2	350	30	97×105	3	7
活性射流-3	450	26	198×160	0	4
铝射流	450	14.7	66×83	0	3

图9 铝射流毁伤复合混凝土结构过程高速摄影

Fig.9 High-speed photography of the damage of Al jet to composite concrete structures

表4 混凝土材料参数

Table 4 Concrete material parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
剪切模量/GPa	16.3	弹性强度/f_t	0.7
抗压强度f_c/MPa	47.3	弹性强度/f_c	0.53
抗拉强度f_t/f_c	0.108	残余强度常数B₀	1.8
剪切强度f_s/f_c	0.11	残余强度exp.M	0.7
破坏面参数A₀	2	比较应变率exp.α	0.032
破坏面参数N	0.7	损伤常数DI	0.04
拉压子午比	0.6805	最小失效应变	0.01
脆性到延性转变	0.0105	残余热模量	0.13
G(弹性)/G(弹-塑性)	2	侵蚀应变几何应变(仅适用于拉格朗日)	2

表5 惰性PTFE/Al、钢和铝的材料参数

Table 5 Material parameters of inert PTFE/Al, steel and aluminum

材料	密度/(g·cm^-3)	G/GPa	A₁/MPa	B₁/MPa	n	C₁	m	T_melt/K	C_a/(km·s^-1)	S₁	Γ
钢	7.83	77	507	320	0.28	0.064	1.06	1793	4.57	1.92	2.17
PTFE/Al	2.27	0.666	8.044	250.6	1.8	0.4	1.0	500	1.45	2.2584	0.9
铝	2.74	22.7	250	225	0.37	0.067	1.0	775	5.33	1.34	2.0

表6 激活后PTFE/Al和8701炸药材料参数

Table 6 Material parameters of 8701 explosive and PTFE/Al after reactivation

材料	密度/(g·cm^-3)	D/(km·s^-1)	P_cj/GPa	A₂/GPa	B₂/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
PTFE/Al	2.27	5.2	21	15.9	0.0023	7	0.6	0.38
8701炸药	1.71	8.315	28.6	524.23	7.678	4.2	1.1	0.34

图10 数值模拟模型

Fig.10 Numerical simulation model

图11 复合混凝土结构在侵彻作用下动态响应机理

Fig.11 Dynamic response mechanism of composite concrete structure under jet penetration

图12 复合混凝土结构在侵彻作用下动态毁伤结果

Fig.12 Damage results of composite concrete structure under reactive jet penetration

图13 侵彻深度随时间变化

Fig.13 Variation of penetration depth over time

图14 τ时刻活性射流空间分布位置

Fig.14 Spatial distribution of reactive jet at τ

表7 活性材料质量分数空间分布

Table 7 Spatial distribution of mass fractions of reactive materials

H_c	活性材料初始质量/g	剩余质量/g	空气层中质量分数/%	混凝土层质量分数/%	碎石层质量分数/%
250mm		956.5	20.7	37.9	41.4
350mm	1057	964.0	31	54.5	14.5
450mm		983.0	37.8	62.2	0

图15 爆炸数值模拟结果与实验值对比

Fig.15 Numerically simulated results of explosion-enhanced damage

图16 数值模拟计算与实验值对比如图

Fig.16 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results

图17 活性射流侵彻与爆炸增强毁伤对比

Fig.17 Comparison of damages from reactive jet penetration and explosion enhancement

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