石墨烯气凝胶的压缩力学性能研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究石墨烯气凝胶在防护领域的潜在应用,采用冷冻干燥法并控制冷冻温度变量制备不同的石墨烯气凝胶试样,进行单轴面内压缩力学实验;结合3D数字图像相关技术和扫描电子显微镜,分析变形模式与破坏机理。研究结果表明:冷冻干燥法制备的石墨烯气凝胶试样具有3D多孔网络结构、低密度(<33.93mg/cm³)、高孔隙率(>98.5%)等特征,并具有受冷冻温度影响的特征微观结构;石墨烯气凝胶的压缩应力-应变曲线展现出多孔材料典型的三阶段特征,并且力学性能受冷冻温度的影响,-80℃所得石墨烯气凝胶的杨氏模量相较于-19℃提高160%,单位体积吸能提高67%;石墨烯气凝胶多次循环加载-卸载中随着内部致密区域的扩展,以塑性能为主的吸收总能趋于稳定不变,其状态变化可通过指数衰减模型描述;石墨烯气凝胶的横纵向片层不同的压缩变形形态发展为大规模的类弹簧型紧密折叠模式,使得石墨烯气凝胶表现出回弹性。所得研究成果为石墨烯气凝胶在防护领域的应用提供了理论与实践基础。

关键词: 石墨烯气凝胶, 压缩力学性能, 冷冻干燥法, 吸能特性, 变形模式

Abstract:

In order to explore the potential application of graphene aerogel in the field of protection, different graphene aerogel samples are prepared by a freeze-drying method and controlled freezing temperature variable, and the uniaxial in-plane compressive mechanics experiments are carried out. The deformation pattern and failure mechanism are analyzed by using 3D digital image correlation (DIC) technology and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show that the graphene aerogel samples prepared by freeze-drying method have the characteristics of three-dimensional porous network structure, low density (<33.93mg/cm³) and high porosity(>98.5%), and have the characteristic microstructure affected by freezing temperature. The compressive stress-strain curves of graphene aerogel exhibit the typical three-stage characteristics of porous materials, and its mechanical properties are affected by the freezing temperature.The Young’s modulus of graphene aerogel obtained at -80℃ is increased by 160% compared with that at -19℃, and the energy absorption per unit volumeis increased by 67%. With the expansion of internal dense region during multiple cyclic loading-unloading of graphene aerogel samples, the absorption energy dominated by plastic energy tends to be stable and unchanged, and its states can be described by the exponential decay model. The different compression deformation forms of the transverse and longitudinal lamellas of graphene aerogels are developed into large-scale spring-like tight folding form, which made the graphene aerogels show resilience. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application of graphene aerogels in the field of protection.

Key words: graphene aerogel, compressive mechanical property, freeze-drying method, energy absorption characteristics, deformation pattern

中图分类号:

TJ03

曹路晴, 乔扬, 谢晶, 陈鹏万. 石墨烯气凝胶的压缩力学性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(7): 2364-2373.

CAO Luqing, QIAO Yang, XIE Jing, CHEN Pengwan. Study on Compressive Mechanical Properties of Graphene Aerogel[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(7): 2364-2373.

图/表 15

图1 FD技术原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of freezen drying

表1 实验所用试剂

Table 1 Reagents used for experiments

名称	化学式/简称	厂家
单层GO水相分散液	GO	杭州高烯科技有限公司
VC	C₆H₈O₆	上海麦克林生化科技有限公司
去离子水	H₂O	阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司

表2 实验所用设备

Table 2 Equipment used for experiments

名称	型号	厂家
电子天平	BSA423S-CW	赛多利斯科学仪器 (北京)有限公司
电热真空干燥箱	D2F-6020AB	天津工兴实验室仪器有限公司
集热式恒温磁力搅拌器	DF-101S	邦西仪器科技(上海)有限公司
超声波清洗器	KQ-300E	昆山市超声仪器有限公司
FD机	FD-1A-50	上海比朗仪器制造有限公司

图2 准静态压缩加载装置与3D-DIC测试装置

Fig.2 Quasi-static compressive loading device and 3D-DIC test device

表3 两种温度下所得GA样品密度

Table 3 Density of graphene aerogel samples at different temperatures

制备冷冻温度/℃	表观密度/(mg·cm^-3)	孔隙率/%
-19	30.44±0.91	98.65
-80	32.44±1.20	98.56

图3 GA样品的横向截面SEM图片

Fig.3 Cross-sectional SEM images of GA samples

图4 GA样品的纵向截面SEM图片

Fig.4 Longitudinal cross-sectional SEM images of GA samples

图5 成型机制

Fig.5 Formation mechanism

图6 准静态压缩应力-应变曲线

Fig.6 Stress-strain curves under uniaxial quasi-static compression

图7 不同应变幅值的循环加载应力-应变曲线

Fig.7 Cyclic loading stress-strain curves with different strain amplitudes

图8 单次准静态加载能量分析

Fig.8 Energy analysis of single quasi-static compression

图9 -80℃试样循环加载能量分析

Fig.9 Energy analysis of cyclic loading of samples at -80℃

表4 指数衰减模型中的拟合参数

Table 4 Fitting parameters in the exponential decay model

最大应力、单位体积吸能与塑性能占比	A	t	y₀	R²
σ_max/MPa	0.11	0.96	0.18	0.99424
W/(MJ·m^-3)	-0.06	7.43	0.10	0.99968
P_t/%	18.23	5.57	81.25	0.99967

图10 GA的应变云图

Fig.10 Strain contours of GA samples

图11 压缩后GA样品的SEM图片

Fig.11 SEM images of GA samples after compression

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