掏槽爆破成腔空孔效应数值模拟研究与分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0250

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

掏槽爆破是巷道掘进单自由面爆破的关键。为探究空孔对掏槽爆破效果的影响,基于空孔作用理论,利用有限元-粒子流耦合方法,建立单空孔掏槽爆破三维数值模型,并结合现场掏槽爆破试验结果,分析多段掏槽爆破空孔附近岩石应力分布特征,岩石破碎、抛掷及槽腔成形过程对空孔响应规律。研究结果表明:空孔对近场岩石应力场的分布具有导向作用,并在空孔周围形成明显的应力集中效应,增加应力高峰值区范围,进而为后续爆破提供有利条件;岩石抛掷效果以及槽腔大小与空孔之间表现出强相关性,单空孔掏槽爆破与无空孔相比,抛掷速度提升34.7%,抛掷效率提高了10.2%,现场试验中腔体体积增加17.1%,掏槽深度增加了16.3%,但槽腔整体形状变化不明显;研究结果对实际掏槽爆破参数设计和优化提供了部分理论依据。

关键词: 空孔补偿, 掏槽爆破, 有限元-粒子流耦合方法, 成腔规律, 爆破试验

Abstract:

Cutting blasting plays a crucial role in achieving single-free-surface blasting during roadway excavation. To investigate the impact of empty holes on cutting blasting, the finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) coupling approach is used to establish a three-dimensional model of single empty hole cutting blasting based on the theory of empty hole action. The distribution characteristics of stress near the empty hole in multi-stage cutting blasting is analyzed, and the response laws of rock breaking, throwing, and cavity formation with respect to empty hole are studied. It is found that an empty hole guides the distribution of stress fields in the nearby rocks, the significant concentration effects of stress are generated around the empty hole. and the peak value area of stress is expanded, thereby providing the favorable conditions for subsequent blasting operations. there exists a strong correlation among rock throwing efficiency, empty hole and cavity size. Compared to the cases without an empty hole, the single empty hole cutting blasting exhibites a 34.7% increase in throwing speed and a 10.2% improvement in throwing efficiency. In field tests, cavity volume is increased by 17.1%, and the cutting depth is increased by 16.3%. However, there are no significant changes observed in overall cavity shape. These research findings provide partial theoretical support for designing and optimizing the actual cutting blasting parameters.

Key words: empty hole compensation, cutting blasting, finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics, cavity-forming law, blasting experiment

中图分类号:

E951

陶子豪, 李祥龙, 胡启文, 王建国. 掏槽爆破成腔空孔效应数值模拟研究与分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4246-4258.

TAO Zihao, LI Xianglong, HU Qiwen, WANG Jianguo. Study and Analysis on Numerical Simulation of Empty Hole Effect Induced by Cutting Blasting[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4246-4258.

图/表 23

图1 含空孔垂直掏槽模型及槽腔形成过程

Fig.1 Vertical cutting model and cavity formation process of empty hole

图2 多炮孔下应力集中分析

Fig.2 Stress concentration analysis of multiple holes

图3 空孔附近单元应力重分布

Fig.3 Redistribution of element stress near empty hole

图4 SPH与FEM间的连接和接触算法

Fig. 4 Connection and contact algorithm between SPH and FEM

表1 JHC本构模型材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters of JHC constitutive model

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	2600	G/GPa	13.9
A	0.55	B	1.23
C	0.0097	N_p	0.76
f_c/MPa	65	T/MPa	4
EPS0	1×10^-5	EF_min	0.01
S_max/MPa	20	p_crush/MPa	20
μ_crush	0.00125	p_lock/MPa	30
μ_lock	0.174	K₁/GPa	39
D₁	0.04	K₂/GPa	-223
D₂	1	K₃/GPa	550
FS	1

表2 JWL模型参数

Table 2 JWL model parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	1100	p_cj /GPa	4.6
D/(m·s^-1)	4500	a/GPa	62.5
b/GPa	2.32	R₁	3.6
R₂	1.6	ω	0.41
E₀/GPa	3.15	V	1

表3 MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM材料参数

Table 3 MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM material parameters

参数	数值
γ_sat /(kN·m^-3)	17
G_s/MPa	2.524
K/MPa	4673
A₀~A₂/MPa	0.001,0.0049,0.0079
p_i/MPa	-0.005

表4 土的压力-应变值

Table 4 Pressure-strain values of soil

p/MPa	ln(V/V₀)	p/MPa	ln(V/V₀)
0	0	800	-0.1878
100	-0.0216	1000	-0.2408
200	-0.0437	2000	-0.5586
400	-0.0895	3000	-1.0272
600	-0.1374	4000	-1.9380

图5 数值模拟验证

Fig.5 Numerical simulation verification

图6 掏槽模型布置及布孔位置

Fig.6 Cutting model layout and hole placement

图7 模型剖面示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the model section

图8 两种模型不同时刻有效应力演化

Fig.8 Effective stress evolutions of the two models at different times

图9 岩石压力特征点选取

Fig.9 Selection of rock pressure feature points

图10 特征点压力时程

Fig.10 Time history curves of pressures at feature points

图11 模型累积损伤云图

Fig.11 Damage evolution process of models

图12 模型掏槽抛掷效果和三维槽腔形态

Fig.12 Model cutting and throwing effect, and 3D groove cavity morphology

图13 全断面炮孔布置及掏槽装药结构

Fig.13 Full-section gun-hole layoutand cutting charge structure

图14 炮孔布置图

Fig.14 Layout of gun holes

表5 掏槽爆破装药参数

Table 5 Charge parameters of cutting blasting

炮孔类型	孔深/m	孔径/mm	炸药类型	装药类型	单孔装药量/kg		延期模式	延期时间/ ms
炮孔类型	孔深/m	孔径/mm	炸药类型	装药类型	孔号	药量	延期模式	延期时间/ ms
掏槽孔					1~4	9
辅助掏槽孔	3.2	50	1号岩石乳化炸药	连续装药	5~8	9	分段起爆	25
空孔		100

表6 炸药相关参数

Table 6 Related parameters of explosives

药卷长度/ mm	药卷直径/ mm	单卷质量/ g	爆速 m/s	爆力值/ mL	猛度/ mm	殉爆距离/ cm
300	32	300	4500	320	16	4

表7 试验槽腔尺寸参数对比

Table 7 Comparison of test cavity size parameters

试验类型	掏槽类型	掏槽深度/m	槽腔口尺寸/m	槽腔体积/m³
现场试验	无空孔掏槽	1.59	1.17×1.12	1.81
	单空孔掏槽	1.85	1.21×1.19	2.12
数值模拟	无空孔掏槽	1.55	1.36×1.49	2.58
	单空孔掏槽	1.67	1.58×1.57	2.79

图15 两种掏槽爆后效果及槽腔形态

Fig.15 The effect and cavity shapes of two cutting arrangements after blasting

图16 现场试验与数值模拟结果对比分析

Fig.16 Comparative analysis of field test and simulated results

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