跨介质航行器出入水连续弹道试验与仿真

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0362

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究跨介质航行器出入水连续弹道特性,搭建高速入水弹道试验平台,并设计带有内测系统的试验模型,对跨介质航行器出入水连续弹道过程进行试验研究。建立耦合求解流场和航行器运动的非定常数值仿真模型,研究航行器出入水连续弹道的运动规律与流体动力特性,并通过试验结果验证其准确性。研究结果表明:新提出的跨介质航行器实现了入水-转平-出水连续弹道过程,其弹道轨迹呈类抛物线状,入水最大深度为0.9m;航行器出入水连续弹道运动可分为入水滑行阶段、呈双侧尾拍运动的超空泡航行阶段以及单侧尾拍运动的出水阶段;航行器流体动力特性呈脉冲式振荡特性,由圆锥段、圆柱段以及尾裙段构成尾部流体动力;预置舵角与尾裙的组合形式能够提高跨介质航行器连续出入水的稳定性。

关键词: 跨介质航行器, 高速入水, 转平弹道, 流场与弹道耦合, 尾拍运动

Abstract:

To study the characteristics of continuous water entry and exit trajectories of a trans-media vehicle, a high-speed ballistic test platform is built, and the experimental model with a built-in measuring system is designed. An unsteady numerical simulation model is developed to solve the coupled flow field and vehicle motions. The motion law and hydrodynamic characteristics of the vehicle’s continuous water entry and exit trajectories are studied and validated by experimental results. The results show that the proposed trans-media vehicle realizes a continuous ballistic process of water entry, leveling and water exit. The trajectory is parabola-like, with a maximum entry depth of 0.9m. The continuous ballistic movement of the trans-media vehicle can be divided into three stages: the planing stage of water entry, the supercavitating stage with a double-sided tail-slapping motion, and the water exit stage with a single-sided tail-slapping motion. The vehicle exhibits pulse oscillation in terms of hydrodynamics, and hydrodynamic characteristics in its aft body are formed by the cone, cylinder and tail-skirt sections. The combination of a preset rudder angle and tail-skirt can enhance the stability of the trans-media vehicle during continuous water entry and exit.

Key words: trans-media vehicle, high-speed water-entry, flat trajectory, coupling of flow field and trajectory, tail-slapping motion

刘喜燕, 袁绪龙, 罗凯, 鲁娜. 跨介质航行器出入水连续弹道试验与仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1225-1236.

LIU Xiyan, YUAN Xulong, LUO Kai, LU Na. Experiments and Simulation of Continuous Water Entry and Exit Trajectories of a Trans-media Vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1225-1236.

图/表 23

图1 试验方案示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

图2 跨介质航行器试验模型

Fig.2 Experimental model of the trans-media vehicle

图3 试验现场构建

Fig.3 Experimental site

图4 坐标系示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the coordinate system

图5 跨介质航行器外形示意图

Fig.5 Contours of the trans-media vehicle

表1 跨介质航行器主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the trans-media vehicle

参数	数值
预置舵角/(°)	5
空化器半径/mm	15
圆柱段半径/mm	35
尾裙长度/mm	69
模型长度/mm	1000

图6 计算域及边界条件

Fig.6 Computational domain and boundary conditions

图7 网格划分结果

Fig.7 Meshing results

图8 网格数量影响

Fig.8 Influence of grid number

图9 计算推进步长影响

Fig.9 Influence of time steps

图10 入水初期阶段

Fig.10 Initial stage of water-entry

图11 超空泡航行阶段

Fig.11 Stage of supercavitation navigation

图12 出水阶段

Fig.12 Stage of water-exit

图13 试验结果与仿真结果对比

Fig.13 Comparison of experimental and numerical results

图14 跨介质航行器出入水过程压力云图

Fig.14 Pressure contours of the trans-media vehicle during water entry and exit

表2 通气对空泡发展形态的影响

Table 2 Characteristics of cavitation development

图15 滑行阶段不同浸没深度空泡特征

Fig.15 Cavitation characteristics of different immersion depths in planing stage

图16 尾部壳体压力系数分布

Fig.16 Distribution of shell pressure coefficients

图17 俯仰角速度、俯仰角随时间变化规律

Fig.17 Pitching angular velocity and angle vs time

图18 航行器流体动力变化曲线

Fig.18 Variation curve of the vehicle’s hydrodynamic coefficients

图19 回射流流线图

Fig.19 Flowline diagram of the re-entrant jet

图20 航行器截面位置与受力示意图

Fig.20 Sectional position and force diagram of the vehicle

表3 尾裙与空泡相对位置

Table 3 Relative position of tail-skirt and cavitation

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