关键词: 钝性弹道冲击, 头部有限元模型, 流固耦合, 损伤评估, 生物力学响应

Abstract: In order to clarify the injury mechanism of human head under blunt ballistic impact, based on THUMS(Total Human Model for Safety) model, a finite element model fitting the characteristics of Chinese 50th percentile male adult head was constructed by material parameter optimization, proportional scaling and fluid-structure interaction methods. Taking LS-DYNA(Livermore Software Technology Corporation's Dynamic Analyzer) as the simulation platform, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm is used to define the fluid characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid, optimize the elastic-plastic material parameters of skull and brain tissue, and realize the localization of head size and anatomical structure through mesh deformation technology. The typical vulnerable areas such as forehead, parietal wall, occipital and posterior fossa were selected to compare the data of Nahum cadaver experiment and THUMS model to verify the biomechanical response of the model. The results show that the peak values of intracranial pressure in the vulnerable area of the improved model are 150 kPa, 75 kPa, 53 kPa and 69 kPa, respectively, and the error between the improved model and the experimental data is 4%-10%, and the shape of the dynamic response curve is consistent. The maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue (29.5 kPa) and the principal stress of skull (18.7 kPa) were close to the threshold of the literature, which confirmed that the model could effectively predict the risk of craniocerebral injury. Combined with the NATO AEP-103 standard, the peak value of the forehead intracranial pressure under typical impact was 511.1 kPa, far exceeding the threshold of skull fracture (150 kPa), which highlights the optimization needs of existing protective equipment. The model has strong applicability and can provide method reference and theoretical support for head injury assessment and safety protection under blunt ballistic impact.

Key words: blunt ballistic impact, finite element model of head, fluid-structure interaction, injury assessment, biomechanical response