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兵工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 240371-.doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2024.0371

• • 上一篇    下一篇

金属圈弹塑性接触计算与密封性能分析

王凯1, 郑孟伟2, 巩浩1,3,4,*(), 刘检华1,3,4, 赵有磊2, 刘少丽1,3,4   

  1. 1 北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院, 北京 100081
    2 北京航天动力研究所, 北京 100076
    3 北京理工大学 唐山研究院, 河北 唐山 063015
    4 河北省智能装配与检测技术重点实验室, 河北 唐山 063015

Elastic-plastic Contact Calculation and Sealing Performance Analysis of Metal Sealing Ring

WANG Kai1, ZHENG Mengwei2, GONG Hao1,3,4,*(), LIU Jianhua1,3,4, ZHAO Youlei2, LIU Shaoli1,3,4   

  1. 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Beijing 100076, China
    3 Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063015, Hebei, China
    4 Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent assembly and Detection Technology, Tangshan 063015, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-05-15 Online:2025-06-28

摘要:

金属密封圈在各种机械产品中广泛应用,其主要依靠粗糙表面弹塑性接触变形实现密封。针对传统的粗糙表面微观接触有限元仿真方法计算效率低、弹塑性接触变形收敛困难的问题,提出有限元-边界元耦合的金属密封圈弹塑性微观接触计算方法。建立金属密封结构宏观有限元模型,精确求解密封面接触应力分布;建立密封面微观形貌,在弹塑性接触等效的基础上,以宏观接触应力分布作为边界条件,提出残余形变量和残余应力场叠加的弹塑性接触计算边界元方法,求解粗糙表面弹塑性变形的接触状态。同时,对密封面微观接触等效建模方法进行验证,并与粗糙表面微观接触的有限元仿真方法进行对比,证明所提有限元-边界元耦合仿真方法与有限元方法计算精度相当,但是计算效率提高了近8倍。采用四联通网格模型求解密封面泄漏通道,作为密封性能评价指标,系统研究材料参数、接触应力、表面粗糙度、粗糙表面参数等因素对金属圈密封性能的影响规律。搭建密封实验台对金属圈的泄漏率进行测量,获得了金属圈实际泄漏率随法向载荷的变化规律,仿真结果与实验规律趋势一致。

关键词: 金属密封圈, 有限元, 边界元, 接触计算, 泄漏通道

Abstract:

Metal sealing rings are widely used in various mechanical products,mainly achieving the sealing effect through the elastic-plastic contact deformation of rough surfaces.The traditional finite element simulation method for the microscopic contact of rough surfaces has the low computational efficiency and difficult convergence of elastic-plastic contact deformation.An elastic-plastic contact calculation method based on coupled finite element and boundary element methods is proposed.A macro-finite element model of metal ring seal structure is established to accurately solve the contact stress distribution of sealing surfaces,and the micro-morphology of sealing surfaces is established.A boundary element method for elastic-plastic contact calculation with the superposition of residual deformation and residual stress fields is proposed by taking the macroscopic contact stress distribution as the boundary condition.The boundary element method is used to solve the contact state of sealing surfaces under elastic-plastic deformation.Meanwhile,the micro-contact equivalent modeling method of sealing surfaces is verified,and compared with the finite element simulation method for the microscopic contact of rough surfaces.The results show that the calculational accuracy of the finite element-boundary element coupling simulation method is equivalent to that of the finite element method,but its calculational efficiency is improved by nearly 8 times.The leakage channels of sealing surfaces are solved by the four-connection grid model and used as the evaluation index of sealing performance.The effects of material parameters,contact stress,surface roughness and rough surface parameters on the sealing performance of metal sealing ring are systematically studied.A sealing test equipment is built to measure the leakage rate of metal sealing ring,and the variation law of the actual leakage rates of metal sealing ring with the normal load is obtained.The simulated results are consistent with the experimental trend.

Key words: metal sealing ring, finite element, boundary element, contact calculation, leakage channel

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