大跨距双列圆锥滚子轴承热态特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对摩擦发热会影响轴承寿命的问题,基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了考虑滚子修形的重载特种车辆用大跨距双列圆锥滚子轴承动力学分析模型和精细化轴承功耗数学模型,研究结构、工况参数对轴承摩擦功耗的影响规律,并对滚子与套圈的内滚道、外滚道和大挡边之间的接触温度特性进行分析。研究结果表明:转速、径向载荷增大以及内滚道倾角减小,滚子与挡边、滚道接触区最大温度均增大,且挡边接触区最大温度增大速率较快。轴向载荷增大会使受压侧受载最大滚子与套圈大挡边、滚道接触区最大温度均增大,套圈大挡边接触区最大温度增大速率较快;放松侧温度也增大,但增大速率较慢;倾覆力矩会导致两列滚动体温度产生差异,选择合适的跨距可以减小倾覆力矩对轴承温度的影响。

关键词: 双列圆锥滚子轴承, 轴承动力学, 对数修形, 摩擦功耗, 热分析

Abstract:

The friction heating has an effect on the bearing life. A dynamic analysis model of large span double row tapered roller bearings for heavy duty special vehicles and a refined mathematical model of bearing power consumption, in which the roller shape modification is considered,are established based on the dynamic theory of rolling bearings. The influences of structure and working condition parameters on bearing friction power consumption are studied, and the contact temperature characteristics of the roller and the inner race, the outer race and the big rib are analyzed. The results show that the maximum temperature in the contact area among roller and rib and raceway increases with the increase in rotating speed, radial load and the decrease in inner raceway angle, and the maximum temperature in the contact area between roller and rib increases rapidly. With the increase in axial load, the maximum temperature of the contact area among the maximum loaded roller and the big flange of the ring and the raceway increases, and the maximum temperature of the contact area of the big flange of the ring increases rapidly. The temperature at the relaxation side also increases, but the rate of increase is slow. The overturning moment may cause the temperature difference between the two rows of rolling elelemts, and a suitable span can be selected to reduce the influence of overturning moment on the bearing temperature.

Key words: double row tapered roller bearing, bearing dynamics, logarithmic modification, friction power consumption, thermal analysis

中图分类号:

TJ81⁺0.3

王一铭, 王恒迪, 崔永存, 李畅, 邓四二. 大跨距双列圆锥滚子轴承热态特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(4): 1285-1296.

WANG Yiming, WANG Hengdi, CUI Yongcun, LI Chang, DENG Sier. Thermal Characteristics of Large Span Double Row Tapered Roller Bearing[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(4): 1285-1296.

图/表 14

图1 轴承坐标系

Fig.1 Coordinate system of bearing

图2 滚子与滚道间作用力示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of force between roller and raceway

图3 滚子与保持架间作用力示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of force between roller and cage

表1 轴承主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of bearings

参数	取值
内径/mm	90
外径/mm	140
跨距/mm	24
滚子大端直径/mm	15.312
滚子长度/mm	27.97
滚子球端半径/mm	260
外滚道接触角/(°)	13.801
内滚道接触角/(°)	10.801
大挡边倾角/(°)	11.329
滚动体个数	22
内圈材料	GCr15
外圈材料	GCr15
滚子材料	GCr15
轴向载荷/N	0
径向载荷/N	50000
倾覆力矩/(N·m)	0
内圈转速/(r·min^-1)	0
外圈转速/(r·min^-1)	385
环境温度/℃	70
润滑脂锥入度(25℃)/0.1mm	265~295

图4 双列圆锥滚子轴承动力学模型求解过程

Fig.4 Solving process of double row tapered roller bearing dynamic model

图5 双列圆锥滚子轴承有限元模型求解过程

Fig.5 Solving process of double row tapered roller bearing finite element model

图6 转速对左列受载最大滚子温度的影响

Fig.6 Effect of rotating speed on the maximum loaded roller temperature of the left column

图7 径向载荷对左列受载最大滚子温度的影响

Fig.7 Effect of radial load on the maximum loaded roller temperature of the left column

图8 轴向载荷对受载最大滚子温度的影响

Fig.8 Effect of axial load on maximum loaded roller temperature

图9 内滚道倾角对左列受载最大滚子温度的影响

Fig.9 Effect of inclination angle of inner raceway on the maximum loaded roller temperature of the left column

图10 跨距对受载最大滚子温度的影响

Fig.10 Effect of span on maximum loaded roller temperature

图11 高速铁路轴承试验机

Fig.11 High speed railway bearing testing machine

图12 径向载荷对外圈温度的影响

Fig.12 Effect of radial load on outer ring temperature

图13 转速对外圈温度的影响

Fig.13 Effect of rotating speed on outer ring temperature

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