水下连续发射弹体干扰特性及发射时序优化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0576

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着对饱和攻击需求的提高,潜艇连续发射过程的发射时序协调控制研究变得迫切而紧要。考虑到弹体间的流体动力干扰是影响安全发射的主要因素,基于重叠网格多自由度仿真技术,针对连续发射的水下弹体开展姿态弹道干扰特性研究。通过分析流场结构发现,以一定攻角发射的弹体形成的发卡形尾涡是造成后续弹体姿态弹道差异的主要原因。根据不同艇速、时间间隔和空间间隔下弹体间的干扰特性建立干扰评价模型。在保证干扰不影响后续弹体的前提下,以最短发射时长为目标,以综合评价函数为约束,基于改进的贪心算法对大筒多弹式布局的水下弹体开展发射时序优化研究,并采用均匀抽样方法验证优化结果准确性。研究结果表明:相对于均匀抽样方法,改进的贪心算法具有相当的计算准确度和更高的计算效率。

关键词: 水下弹体, 连续发射, 姿态干扰评价, 发射时序

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for saturation attacks, the research on the optimization of launch sequence of projectiles launched successively underwater has become important and urgent. Considering that the hydrodynamic interferences between two underwater projectiles are the main factor affecting launch safety, this paper studies the interference characteristics of projectiles launched successively underwater based on the overlapping mesh methods. By analyzing the flow field, it is found that the hairpin vortices formed by the projectile with an angle of attack are the main reason leading to the attitude difference between two projectiles. An interference evaluation model is established according to the interference between the projectiles under the conditions of different transport speeds, time intervals and space intervals. To ensure that the former projectile interferes little with subsequent projectiles, the launch sequence of projectiles fixed at a launch tube is optimized based on the improved greedy algorithm, in which the shortest launch duration is taken as the goal and the comprehensive evaluation function as the constraint. The uniform sampling method is used to verify the accuracy of the optimized results. The results show that the improved greedy algorithm has comparable accuracy and higher efficiency compared with the uniform sampling method.

Key words: underwater projectile, successive launch, evaluation on the attitude interference, launch sequence

中图分类号:

TV131.2

刘方, 肖金石, 韦建明, 张志洋, 王聪. 水下连续发射弹体干扰特性及发射时序优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 197-205.

LIU Fang, XIAO Jinshi, WEI Jianming, ZHANG Zhiyang, WANG Cong. Interference Characteristics and Launch Sequence Optimization of Projectiles Launched Successively Underwater[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 197-205.

图/表 22

表1 弹体参数

Table 1 Parameters of projectile

参数	数值
直径D/m	0.20
全长L/m	2.4
质量M/kg	75
质心位置x_c/m	1.32
绕y轴、z轴转动惯量(J_yy,J_zz)/(kg·m²)	32.2
绕弹轴转动惯量J_xx/(kg·m²)	0.55

图1 边界条件及网格划分

Fig.1 Boundary conditions and mesh division

图2 不同网格下的弹道结果对比

Fig.2 Simulated trajectories with different meshes

图3 发射装置示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of experimetal setup

图4 实验图像

Fig.4 Experimental images

图5 仿真与实验的弹道曲线

Fig.5 Simulated and experimental trajectories

图6 发射筒布局及尺寸

Fig.6 Size and layout of launch tubes

表2 工况参数规划

Table 2 Parameters of all conditions

工况	研究内容	发射次序	v/ (m·s^-1)	Δt/s	Δd/m
1、2	发射艇速	顺序	1.4,0.51	0.5	0.3
3~5	时间间隔	顺序	1.4	0.3,0.7,0.9	0.3
6~9	发射间距	顺序	1.4	0.5	0.4,0.5, 0.6,0.7
10~13	时间间隔	逆序	1.4	0.3,0.5, 0.7,0.9	0.3
14~17	发射间距	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.4,0.5, 0.6,0.7

图7 涡量场演化历程

Fig.7 Vortex evolution during successive launch process

图8 不同发射次序下次发弹所受尾涡影响

Fig.8 Effect of the vortex structures on the second projectile in different launch sequence

图9 不同发射艇速下俯仰姿态对比(顺序)

Fig.9 Pitch attitudes of projectiles launched at different transport speeds (downwind launch sequence)

图10 不同时间间隔下弹体俯仰姿态对比(顺序)

Fig.10 Pitch attitudes of projectiles launched at different launch intervals (downwind launch sequence)

图11 不同时间间隔下弹体俯仰姿态对比(逆序)

Fig.11 Pitch attitudes of projectiles launched at differentlaunch intervals (upwind launch sequence)

图12 不同发射间距下弹体俯仰姿态对比(顺序)

Fig.12 Pitch attitudes of projectiles launched at different space intervals (downwind launch sequence)

图13 不同发射间距下弹体俯仰姿态对比(逆序)

Fig.13 Pitch attitudes of projectiles launched at different space intervals (upwind launch sequence)

表3 各工况下次发弹受到干扰的量化

Table 3 Evaluation of interferences in all conditions

工况	发射次序	v/ (m·s^-1)	Δt/s	Δd/m	δ/m	S/%
1	顺序	1.4	0.3	-0.3	0.120	42.373
2	顺序	0.51	0.3	-0.3	0.147	39.328
3	顺序	1.4	0.5	-0.3	0.400	31.373
4	顺序	1.4	0.7	-0.3	0.680	20.588
5	顺序	1.4	0.9	-0.3	0.960	3.922
6	顺序	1.4	0.5	-0.4	0.300	39.548
7	顺序	1.4	0.5	-0.5	0.200	41.808
8	顺序	1.4	0.5	-0.6	0.100	42.204
9	顺序	1.4	0.5	-0.7	0.000	38.685
10	逆序	1.4	0.3	0.3	0.720	8.670
11	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.3	1.000	3.371
12	逆序	1.4	0.7	0.3	1.280	2.809
13	逆序	1.4	0.9	0.3	1.560	3.618
14	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.4	1.100	8.983
15	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.5	1.200	4.046
16	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.6	1.300	1.733
17	逆序	1.4	0.5	0.7	1.400	2.528

图14 不同工况下的影响因子

Fig.14 Impact factor S versus distance δ

图15 发射次序优选方法流程图

Fig.15 Flow chart of the launch sequence optimization method

图16 改进的贪心算法流程图

Fig.16 Flow chart of the improved greedy algorithm

图17 弹体在发射筒内布局

Fig.17 Layout of missiles in the launch tubes

表4 优化效果对比

Table 4 Comparison of optimized results

运算模式		运算时长/s	发射时长/s	优化效果/%
顺序发射(未优化)			16.99
	0.01%	96.50	9.93	41.55
均匀抽样	0.1%	1050.87	9.63	43.32
	1%	22698.76	9.32	45.14
	10%	66344.39	9.28	45.38
贪心算法		14.69	9.30	45.26

表5 发射顺序结果

Table 5 Sequence of launch

方式	发射顺序
顺序发射	8、1、9、10、11、2、3、4
10%均匀抽样方法	14、21、11、9、12、16、7、2
贪心算法	22、19、14、26、12、21、5、20

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