Numerical Analysis of Muzzle Flow Field Characteristics of Underwater Gun Using Gas Curtain Launch

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1041

Abstract

Abstract:

A two-dimensional unsteady numerical model for the muzzle two-phase flow field is established to study the muzzle flow field characteristics of underwater gun using gas curtain launch. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified, and the initial jet flow field and gunpowder gas jet flow field at the muzzle of 30mm smoothbore gun using gas curtain launch are simulated. The numerically simulated results indicate that the gas curtain in front of the projectile expands out of the muzzle to form an initial jet under the propulsion of projectile, and two oblique incident shock waves generated by initial jet near the muzzle normally reflect at the central axis. As the ambient pressure within the gas curtain decays, two incident shock waves undergo Mach reflection at the central axis, resulting in the formation of a bottle-shaped shock wave structure then. The displacement of Mach disk of initial jet remains relatively constant, but it’s diameter linearly increases over time. Once the tail of projectile exits the muzzle, the gunpowder gas rapidly expands towards the front of projectile side, engulfing the Mach disk of initial jet. The incident shock waves of gunpowder gas jet undergo Mach reflection on the bottom wall of projectile at 210μs, followed by Mach reflection occurring twice near the central axis, leading to the formation of a bottle-shaped shock wave structure with double three-wave points. The displacement of Mach disk in the gunpowder gas jet demonstrates an exponential attenuation pattern over time, while the diameter exhibits a trend of “growth-sudden increase-stability”.

Key words: underwater launch, muzzle flow field, shock reflection, bottle-shaped shock wave, Mach disk

CLC Number:

BAI Wenbin, YU Yonggang, ZHANG Xinwei. Numerical Analysis of Muzzle Flow Field Characteristics of Underwater Gun Using Gas Curtain Launch[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4383-4394.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1 Simulation-firing platform

Fig.2 Top view of simulation projectile

Fig.3 Comparison of the calculated (right) and experimental (left) results of gas-liquid distribution during simulated launch

Fig.4 Comparison of the calculated and experimental displacements of gas curtain head during simulation launch

Fig.5 Secondary combustion chamber pressure curve

Fig.6 Simulated projectile velocity curve

Fig.7 Simplified top view of orifice

Fig.8 Computational model for the muzzle flow field generated by gas curtain launch

Fig.9 Partial enlarged view of grids

Fig.10 Pressure curve of reference point P over time

Fig.11 Phase nephogram of gas curtain during launch

Fig.12 Mach number nephogram (above) and streamlines (below) of initial jet

Fig.13 Pressure nephogram (above) and shadowgraph (below) of initial jet

Fig.14 Mach disk diameter of initial jet versus time

Fig.15 Muzzle pressure of initial jet versus time

Fig.16 Mach number nephogram (above) and streamlines (below) of gunpowder gas jet

Fig.17 Pressure nephogram (above) and shadowgraph (below) of gunpowder gas jet

Fig.18 Axial pressure distributions at different times

Fig.19 Position of Mach disk of gunpowder gas jet versus time

Fig.20 Muzzle pressure of gunpowder gas jet versus time

Fig.21 Mach disk diameter of gunpowder gas jet versus time

Fig.22 Schematic diagram of shock wave fusion process

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