Load Characteristics of High Chamber Pressure and High Speed Launch of Underwater Vehicle

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0802

Abstract

Abstract:

The multiphase flow field formed behind a vehicle under high-chamber pressure and high-speed launch in water is complex, and the load effect is not clear yet. The launch load characteristics of a small-caliber underwater vehicle during cold launch under high chamber pressure and high initial velocity were investigated. The flow field and dynamic characteristics during interior ballistics, interaction between overflow gas and water, and hydrodynamic ram effect stage during the launch of the vehicle were analyzed. A numerical model of the high-speed cold launch process of the underwater vehicle was established, while a numerical multicomponent gas-vapor-liquid simulation was performed using a multiphase flow model and a dynamic grid approach. The load characteristics of launcher and their causes in different phases were then analyzed. The results showed that: large impact loads were mainly from the internal ballistic process and the hydrodynamic ramhydrodynamic ram effect, while a relatively small load was from the low-pressure area caused by overflowing gas; more specifically, the hydrodynamic ram hydrodynamic rampeak pressure decreased significantly because the mixed gas spilled out in large quantities under high chamber pressure, which was different from the low chamber-pressure launch condition.

Key words: underwater vehicle, underwater launch, load characteristics, high chamber pressure

LIU Yue, ZHAO Zijie, DAI Qi, WANG Anhua, ZHANG Hui. Load Characteristics of High Chamber Pressure and High Speed Launch of Underwater Vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1126-1138.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig.1 Underwater vehicle’s high-speed launch model

Fig.2 Calculation model

Fig.3 Grid division

Fig.4 Boundary condition

Fig.5 Interior ballistic parameter curves under different grid numbers

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of test plan

Fig.7 Test devices

Fig.8 Interior ballistic process curves

Fig.9 Pressure nephogram of interior ballistic process

Fig.10 Gas volume fraction diagram of interior ballistic process

Fig.11 Gas volume fraction diagram of the flow field at the nozzle

Fig.12 Variation of gas volume fraction at nozzle section

Fig.13 Pressure nephogram diagram of nozzle flow field

Fig.14 Change of nozzle pressure during gas overflow

Fig.15 Change of cylinder bottom pressure during hydrodynamic ram effect

Fig.16 Gas volume fraction under hydrodynamic ram effect

Fig.17 Pressure nephogram of hydrodynamic ram effect

Fig.18 Cylinder bottom pressure

Fig.19 Cylinder bottom pressure curves under different launch conditions

Fig.20 Testing point pressure-time curve under low-chamber pressure launch

Fig.21 Ratio of the first hydrodynamic ram peak pressure to the chamber pressure

Table 1 Attenuation amplitude of hydrodynamic ram effect at different bore pressures%

工况	水锤效应序号
工况	1	2	3
典型低膛压	8.9	-25.5	-11.0
23MPa	-14.8	-80.0	-66.7
45MPa	-36.5	-82.3	-88.0
62MPa	-51.0	-88.3	-93.7

Fig.22 Mass fraction of overflowed gas in nozzle section

Fig.23 Gas velocity nephogram of nozzle

References 25

[1]	STACE J J, DEAN L M, KIRSCHNER I N. Sealing apparatus for exclusion of water from underwater gun barrels: US5687501A[P]. 1997-11-18.
[2]	FU J H, HOWARD R J, PAULIC A, et al. Underward gun comprising a turbine-based barrel seal: US20100251589A1[P]. 2010-10-07.
[3]	LI D, SANKARAN V, LINDAU J W, et al. A unified computational formulation for multi-component and multi-phase flows[C]//Proceedings of the 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, NE, US:AIAA, 2005:1391-1407.
[4]	LINDAU J W, KUNZ R F, BOGER D A, et al. High reynolds number, unsteady, multiphase CFD modeling of cavitating flows[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2002, 124(3): 607-616. doi: 10.1115/1.1487360 URL
[5]	梅雄三. 某水下炮发射口密封特性的分析[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2017.
	MEI X S. Analysis of sealing characteristics of a certain underwater gun[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
[6]	蔡涛. 水下发射膛口多相流场分析[D]. 太原: 中北大学, 2020.
	CAI T. Multiphase flow field analysis of underwater launch muzzle[D]. Taiyuan: North University of China, 2020. (in Chinese)
[7]	ZHANG J H, YU Y G, ZHANG X. Numerical investigation of a muzzle multiphase flow field using two underwater launch methods[J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(5):1579-1595. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.09.005 URL
[8]	ZHANG X, YU Y G, ZHOU L L. Numerical study on the multiphase flow characteristics of gas curtain launch for underwater gun[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 134(5): 250-261. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.01.042 URL
[9]	张旋, 余永刚, 张欣尉. 火炮在不同介质中发射的膛口流场特性分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(10):103-114.
	ZHANG X, YU Y G, ZHANG X W. Analysis of muzzle flow field characteristics of gun fired in different media[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(10):103-114. (in Chinese)
[10]	张旋, 余永刚, 张欣尉. 枪口压力对水下发射膛口流场特性的影响[J]. 弹道学报, 2021, 33(3):37-43. doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2021)03-006
	ZHANG X, YU Y G, ZHANG X W. Influence of muzzle pressure on muzzle flow field characteristics of underwater launching[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2021, 33(3):37-43. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2021)03-006
[11]	DYMENT A, FLODROPS J P, PAQUET J B, et al. Gaseous cavity at the base of an underwater projectile[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 1998, 2(8): 489-504.(in French) doi: 10.1016/S1270-9638(99)80008-X URL
[12]	倪火才. 潜载导弹水下垂直发射时的“水锤”压力研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2000, 1(5): 46-49.
	NI H C. Research on “water hammer” pressure of submarine-launched missile during vertical underwater launch[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2000, 1(5):46-49. (in Chinese)
[13]	王亚东, 袁绪龙, 覃东升. 导弹水下发射筒口气泡特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2011, 32(8):991-995.
	WANG Y D, YUAN X L, QIN D S. Research on the outlet cavity features during the launch of submarine launched missile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(8):991-995. (in Chinese)
[14]	权晓波, 尤天庆, 张晨星, 等. 水下垂直发射航行体尾空泡振荡演化特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8):1728-1734. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.017
	QUAN X B, YOU T Q, ZHANG C X, et al. Evolution properties of tail cavity oscillation of underwater launched vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8):1728-1734. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.017
[15]	傅德彬, 于殿君, 张志勇. 潜射导弹离筒后海水倒灌效应数值分析[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2012, 35(2):157-160.
	FU D B, YU D J, ZHANG Z Y. Numerical simulation on hydrodynamic impact effect submarine launched missile leaves the launcher[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2012, 35(2):157-160. (in Chinese)
[16]	周笑飞, 姜毅, 牛钰森, 等. 水下发射发射筒注水情况仿真分析[J]. 现代防御技术 2014, 42(1):123-126.
	ZHOU X F, JIANG Y, NIU Y S, et al. Simulation and analysis of water injection of underwater launch tube[J]. Modern Defence Technology, 2014, 42(1): 123-126. (in Chinese)
[17]	魏英杰, 武雨嫣, 王聪, 等. 水下航行体齐射出筒“水锤”特性分析[J]. 宇航总体技术, 2020, 4(5):22-32.
	WEI Y J, WU Y Y, WANG C, et al. Characteristic analysis of “Water Hammer” volleying of underwater launched sailing body[J]. Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology, 2020, 4(5):22-32. (in Chinese)
[18]	李智生, 刘可, 阎肖鹏. 水下航行体垂直出筒时水锤压力分析与研究[J]. 数字海洋与水下攻防, 2019, 2(2):39-43.
	LI Z S, LIU K, YAN X P. Analysis and research on water hammer pressure when underwater vehicle is out of tube vertically[J]. Digital Ocean & Underwater Warfare, 2019, 2(2):39-43. (in Chinese)
[19]	XU H, WEI Y J. Numerical study on hydroballistic and flow field characteristics of projectiles ejected from a vertical launch system underwater[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1507(8):082035. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1507/8/082035
[20]	WEILAND C J, VLACHOS P P, YAGLA J J. Concept analysis and laboratory observations on a water piercing missile launcher[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2010, 37(11/12): 959-965. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.03.009 URL
[21]	赵世平, 毕凤阳, 卢丙举, 等. 单筒多细长体航行器水下齐射载荷特性仿真[J]. 水下无人系统学报, 2019, 27(1):31-36.
	ZHAO S P, BI F Y, LU B J, et al. Simulation on underwater salvo load characteristics of multi-slender body vehicles in single launching tube[J]. Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, 2019, 27(1):31-36. (in Chinese)
[22]	张京辉, 余永刚. 弹道枪不同水深下全淹没式发射膛口流场的数值分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(10): 97-109.
	ZHANG J H, YU Y G. Numerical investigation on the muzzle flow field of an underwater submerged launched ballistic gun at different water depths[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(10): 97-109. (in Chinese)
[23]	M. A.布德尼柯夫, H. A.夫科维奇,. 炸药与火药[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1957.
	BUDNIKOV M A, LEVKOVICH H A. Explosives and gunpowder[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1957. (in Chinese)
[24]	张续柱. 双基火药[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 1997.
	ZHANG X Z. Double base gunpowder[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1997. (in Chinese)
[25]	金志明. 枪炮内弹道学[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2004.
	JIN Z M. Ballistics in Gun[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2004. (in Chinese)