An Acoustic Emission Source Localization Method Based on Basic Theta* Algorithm

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0234

Abstract

Abstract:

For large concrete,rock and other structures,the elastic wave bypasses the empty zones inside the structure to propagates along a non-linear path due to the empty zones,so the traditional time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization method based on linear paths has large errors.In order to improve the localization accuracy of acoustic emission (AE) sources in the structures with empty zones,an AE source localization method suitable for such structures is proposed based on Basic Theta^* algorithm.This method is verified by pencil lead break test on the surface of concrete slab containing circular empty zones,and the effects of the number of sensors,the position of sensors and the AE source location on the AE source localization error are discussed.The attenuation law of wave velocity with propagation distance in the concrete slab is obtained by multi-channel AE testing system.The localization results of single and multiple AE sources indicate that,compared with the traditional TDOA localization method and A^* localization method,the proposed localization method effectively reduces the effect of elastic wave propagation around empty zones on localization,and substantially improves the localization accuracy and efficiency of AE sources in the concrete structure with empty zones.

Key words: acoustic emission, concrete with empty zones, wave velocity attenuation, Basic Theta^* algorithm

ZHANG Lizhong, REN Huilan, LI Tao. An Acoustic Emission Source Localization Method Based on Basic Theta^* Algorithm[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240234-.

Figures/Tables 25

References 25

[1]	ITURRIOZ I, LACIDOGNA G, CARPINTERI A. Acoustic emission detection in concrete specimens:experimental analysis and lattice model simulations[J]. International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 2014, 23(3):327-358.
[2]	宋水舟, 任会兰, 宁建国. 混合型加载下钢纤维混凝土损伤过程的声发射参数分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8):1881-1891.
	SONG S Z, REN H L, NING J G. Acoustic emission parameters in the damage process of steel fiber reinforced concrete under mixed loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(8):1881-1891. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0468
[3]	杨明纬. 声发射检测[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2005.
	YANG M Y. Acoustic emission detection[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2005. (in Chinese)
[4]	康玉梅, 刘建坡, 李海滨, 等. 一类基于最小二乘法的声发射源组合定位算法[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 31(11):1648-1651.
	KANG Y M, LIU J P, LI H B, et al. An AE source location combination algorithm based on least square method[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2010, 31(11):1648-1651. (in Chinese)
[5]	刘建坡, 王洪勇, 杨宇江, 等. 不同岩石声发射定位算法及其实验研究[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 30(8):1193-1196.
	LIU J P, WANG H Y, YANG Y J, et al. Experimental study on different rock locating algorithms with acoustic emission[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2009, 30(8):1193-1196. (in Chinese)
[6]	褚亮, 任会兰, 龙波, 等. 陶瓷材料破坏过程中的声发射源定位方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(11):1828-1835. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.11.014
	CHU L, REN H L, LONG B, et al. Location of acoustic emission of ceramics fracturing[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(11):1828-1835. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.11.014
[7]	王宗炼, 任会兰, 宁建国. 基于小波变换降噪的声发射源定位方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(4):226-232.
	WANG Z L, REN H L, NING J G, et al. Acoustic emission source location based on wavelet transform de-noising[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(4):226-232. (in Chinese)
[8]	杨道学, 赵奎, 曾鹏, 等. 基于粒子群优化算法的未知波速声发射定位数值模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(增刊1):494-502.
	YANG D X, ZHAO K, ZENG P, et al. Numerical simulation of unknown wave velocity acoustic emission localization based on particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(S1):494-502. (in Chinese)
[9]	MIRGAL P, PAL J, BANERJEE S. Online acoustic emission source localization in concrete structures using iterative and evolutionary algorithms[J]. Ultrasonics, 2020, 108:106211.
[10]	董陇军, 李夕兵, 马举, 等. 未知波速系统中声发射与微震震源三维解析综合定位方法及工程应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(1):186-197.
	DONG L J, LI X B, MA J, et al. Three-dimensional analytical comprehensive solutions for acoustic emission/microseismic sources of unknown velocity system[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 36(1):186-197. (in Chinese)
[11]	LU S Z, JIANG M S, SUI Q M, et al. Acoustic emission location on aluminum alloy structure by using FBG sensors and PSO method[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2016, 63(8):742-749.
[12]	DONG L J, SUN D Y, LI X B, et al. Theoretical and experimental studies of localization methodology for AE and micro seismic sources without pre-measured wave velocity in mines[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5:16818-16828.
[13]	ZHOU Z L, LAN R Y, RUI Y C, et al. A new algebraic solution for acoustic emission source localization without premeasuring wave velocity[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(2):459.
[14]	SEN N, KUNDU T. Acoustic source localization in a highly anisotropic plate with unknown orientation of its axes of symmetry and material properties with numerical verification[J]. Ultrasonics, 2020, 100:105977.
[15]	SHANG X Y, LIU C Y, LI X B, et al. AE/MS event source location for circular hole-contained structures through an analytical solution-based shortest P-wave travel path[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2023, 56(5):3339-3357.
[16]	TANG S B, LIU Y H, XU H R, et al. Review for the microseismic source location in surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnel[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(12):4182-4196.
[17]	ZHANG Y, LIU J C, RUI X B, et al. A gradient vector descent strategy for localizing acoustic emission sources in discontinuous structures with a hole[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal 2023, 23(13):14558-14570.
[18]	PARK B, SOHN H, OLSON S E, et al. Impact localization in complex structures using laser-based time reversal[J]. Structural Health Monitoring, 2012, 11(5):577-588.
[19]	JONES M R, ROGERS T J, WORDEN K, et al. A Bayesian methodology for localising acoustic emission sources in complex structures[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2022, 163:108143.
[20]	VY V, LEE Y, BAK J Y, et al. Damage localization using acoustic emission sensors via convolutional neural network and continuous wavelet transform[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2023, 204:110831.
[21]	GOLLOB S, KOCUR G K, SCHUMACHER T, et al. A novel multi-segment path analysis based on a heterogeneous velocity model for the localization of acoustic emission sources in complex propagation media[J]. Ultrasonics, 2017, 74:48-61. doi: S0041-624X(16)30206-2 pmid: 27721197
[22]	DONG L J, HU Q C, TONG X J, et al. Velocity-free MS/AE source location method for three-dimensional hole-containing structures[J]. Engineering, 2020, 6(7):827-834.
[23]	HU Q C, DONG L J. Acoustic emission source location and experimental verification for two-dimensional irregular complex structure[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 20(5):2679-2691.
[24]	DANIEL K, NASH A, KOENIG S, et al. Theta^*:any-angle path planning on grids[J]. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2010, 39:533-579.
[25]	LI D X, YANG K, HE Z Y, et al. Acoustic emission wave velocity attenuation of concrete and its application in crack localization[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(18):7405.

空区	算法	扩展节点数	节点计算次数	节点平均计算次数	搜索时间/s	路径长度/mm
有空区	传统A^*算法	5024	17979	3.579	0.071	160.669
	Hu等^[23]改进A^*算法	4879	56983	11.679	0.138	153.435
	Basic Theta^*算法	4229	14826	3.506	0.102	152.506
无空区	传统A^*算法	2115	7787	3.68	0.029	98.284
	Hu等^[23]改进A^*算法	1472	14494	9.85	0.034	93.246
	Basic Theta^*算法	441	1145	2.59	0.007	92.195

空区	算法	扩展节点数	节点计算次数	节点平均计算次数	搜索时间/s	路径长度/mm
有空区	传统A^*算法	5024	17979	3.579	0.071	160.669
	Hu等^[23]改进A^*算法	4879	56983	11.679	0.138	153.435
	Basic Theta^*算法	4229	14826	3.506	0.102	152.506
无空区	传统A^*算法	2115	7787	3.68	0.029	98.284
	Hu等^[23]改进A^*算法	1472	14494	9.85	0.034	93.246
	Basic Theta^*算法	441	1145	2.59	0.007	92.195

传感器编号	断铅次序
传感器编号	1	2	3
S₁	30.7704600	36.4749365	40.7894925
S₂	30.7704683	36.4749463	40.7895128
S₃	30.7705165	36.4749932	40.7895495
S₄	30.7705158	36.4750110	40.7895678
S₅	30.7705055	36.4749842	40.7895507
S₆	30.7704662	36.4749427	40.7894988
S₇	30.7704608	36.4749390	40.7895063
S₈	30.7704365	36.4749128	40.7894687

传感器编号	断铅次序
传感器编号	1	2	3
S₁	30.7704600	36.4749365	40.7894925
S₂	30.7704683	36.4749463	40.7895128
S₃	30.7705165	36.4749932	40.7895495
S₄	30.7705158	36.4750110	40.7895678
S₅	30.7705055	36.4749842	40.7895507
S₆	30.7704662	36.4749427	40.7894988
S₇	30.7704608	36.4749390	40.7895063
S₈	30.7704365	36.4749128	40.7894687

定位方法	用时/s
传统A^*定位方法	1966.4
Hu等^[23]定位方法	1308.3
本文定位方法	622.6