Research Progress on Target Detection Technology of Magnetic Gradient Tensor System

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0964

Abstract

Abstract:

The magnetic gradient tensor system (MGTS) is the application basis for detecting the full tensor gradient field of magnetic target. Regional magnetic anomalies leads to a magnetic gradient tensor field, which MGTS uses as an information source to achieve the magnetic gradient tensor measurement through the differential calculation between vector magnetic sensors. Compared to the magnetic total field and vector field detection equipment, MGTS has high resolution, large information content, and strong anti-interference ability, which can obtain more potential physical property information of targets. The progress of target detection technology based on MGTSs worldwide is studied to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the modernization and informatization construction of magnetic detection equipment in China. The development process and stages of modern magnetic detection technology are elaborated, and then the two types of MGTSs based on superconducting technology and flux gate method, as well as their applications areintroduced and summarized. The calibration, compensation, noise reduction, magnetic target positioning and recognition technologies of MGTSs are reviewed. Finally, the design ideas for future high-precision magnetic gradient tensor detection instruments are prospected, and the current problems and development trends of various key technologies for magnetic gradient tensor detection are summarized.

Key words: magnetic gradient tensor system, magnetic target detection, target positioning and recognition, fluxgate sensor, superconducting quantum interference device

LI Qingzhu, LI Jing, LI Zhining, SHI Zhiyong, WEN Xuezhong. Research Progress on Target Detection Technology of Magnetic Gradient Tensor System[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4205-4230.

Figures/Tables 20

Table 1 Development stages of magnetic detection technology, order and range of parameters, and instrument types and functions[8]

阶段	张量阶次	磁测范围	仪器类型	功能
1	0阶(标量)	磁总场	磁总场传感器	探测有无
2	0阶的梯度	磁总场;磁总场梯度	磁总场梯度仪	探测有无、定向、跟踪
3	1阶(矢量);1阶的梯度	磁总场;磁总场梯度;磁矢量场;磁矢量场梯度	磁矢量传感器;磁矢量梯度仪	探测有无、定向、跟踪、粗略定位
4	2阶及以上	前3阶段全部内容;磁梯度张量	磁梯度张量测量设备	探测有无、定向、跟踪、精确定位、反演、识别

Table 2 The theoretically achievable response frequency, measurement range and resolution of some magnetic sensors[9,12]

传感器类型	最高分辨率	最大测量范围	最高响应频率范围
磁感应线圈	100fT	±10⁴T	0.1mHz~1MHz
霍尔传感器	10nT	±20T	0~100MHz
磁阻传感器	100pT	0~100mT	0~100MHz
磁电传感器	1pT	±∞	0.1mHz~1kHz
质子磁强计	0.1nT	20~100μT	0~10Hz
光泵传感器	0.1pT	2μT ~1mT	0~10kHz
CPT磁力仪	1pT	0~1mT	0~100kHz
SQUID	5fT	±0.1mT	0~100MHz
磁通门传感器	10pT	±1mT	0~100kHz

Fig.1 First-generation UUV-RTG system[51]

Fig.2 Second-generation UUV-RTG system Bluefinl2[54]

Fig.3 TMA array and the first-generation STAR system[52]

Fig.4 3-D STAR system concept and its STAR Cube structure[53]

Fig.5 Man-portable STAR system for near-earth UXO and mine DLC[55]

Fig.6 First-genrstion MGTS with regular tetrahedron and its rotation calibration and proving ground detection[58-59]

Fig.7 Second-generation planar-cross MGTS for multi- attitude 2D grid measurement of targets such as unexploded ordnance

Fig.8 GETMAG, a high-temperature SQUID magnetic gradient tensor system[65]

Fig.9 Right-angled tetrahedral MGTS developed by CSIRO[66-67]

Fig.10 JESSY STAR and Air Bird systems

Fig.11 Ground-wheeled strapdown SQUID magnetic gradient tensor system[73]

Fig.12 Magnetic gradient tensor system for AUV underwater UXO detection[41]

Fig.13 Triangle structure magnetic MGTS developed by S3MAG for AUV detection[40]

Fig.14 Cross-shaped compact magnetic gradient tensor system[75]

Fig.15 Compact fluxgate full tensor gradiometer with spherical feedback coil [15]

Fig.16 Interference and temperature compensation experiments of magnetic gradient tensor system

Fig.17 Magnetic gradient tensor system of the STAR Cube structure[83]

Fig.18 Second-and third-order MGTSs

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