Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of the Biaxial Stretch of Aviation Glass

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0459

Abstract

Abstract:

This study focuses on enhancing the quality and success rate of biaxial stretching for aviation glass to meet the stringent requirements of military fighter applications. Based on the thermal mechanical coupling theory of viscoelastic materials, the viscoelastic properties of plexiglass are simulated in the form of Prony series by using the principle of WLF time temperature equivalence. The finite element model of biaxial stretching is established, and the temperature field of heating and cooling process in biaxial stretching of plexiglass is analyzed. The calculated temperature field results are introduced into the biaxial stretch dynamic analysis. The displacement and stretch force curves are obtained for 9 fixtures, and the displacement stretch force relationship expression is fitted. The cooling shaping simulation of the stretched plexiglass is carried out. The force generated by the cooling of aviation glass is about twice the stretch force. The retraction of the pull rod is adopted to reduce the shrinkage force of 10000N to prevent glass breakage or equipment damage. The biaxial stretch test results of 35mm thick aviation glass are consistent with the simulation results. The stretch process is optimized according to the simulation results, and the tensile quality and success rate are improved.

Key words: aviation glass, viscoelasticity, biaxial stretch, finite element simulation

CLC Number:

TH145.4

ZHAO Wenhui, BAI Shihuan, GAO Dayong, LI Xiaowei, DUAN Zhenyun. Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of the Biaxial Stretch of Aviation Glass[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 3187-3194.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Temperature deformation curve of PMMA

Fig.2 Stretching machine model

Fig.3 Clamping device

Table 1 Definition of PMMA Prony series

编号	g_j	k_j	τ_j
1	0.2106	0.2106	7.92×10^-5
2	0.3385	0.3385	0.00612
3	0.2573	0.2573	0.179
4	0.1362	0.1362	2.67
5	0.0396	0.0396	27.5
6	0.0128	0.0128	216

Fig.4 PMMA simulation model

Table 2 Definition of PMMA material parameters

材料参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	1190
杨氏模量/MPa	3650
泊松比	0.32
热导率/(w·m^-1·K^-1)	0.19
比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	1470

Fig.5 Internal temperature distribution of the glass plate at different heating times

Fig.6 Temperature distribution inside and outside the clamping area in the cooling stage

Fig.7 Distribution of stretch force at different speeds

Fig.8 Stretch speed-stretch force curve

Fig.9 Displacement-stretch force curves at 9 clamps

Fig.10 Fitting results of displacement stretch force

Fig.11 Natural cooling stretch force results

Fig.12 Stretch test equipment

Fig.13 Real time control panel status

Fig.14 Simulation results after 23min of cooling

Fig.15 Comparison of experimental and simulation data

References 22

[1]	曾国伟, 刘浩轩, 申国家, 等. 有机玻璃粘弹性损伤的模型实验[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2019, 37(5): 801-804,827.
	ZENG G W, LIU H X, SHEN G J, et al. Experimental research on viscoelastic damage constitutive model of PMMA[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, 37(5): 801-804,827. (in Chinese)
[2]	王旋, 徐金瑾, 侯乃丹, 等. 高速水射流冲击下航空有机玻璃损伤行为研究[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(11): 426067.
	WANG X, XU J J, HOU N D, et al. The damage behavior of aeronautical perspex (PMMA) under high-velocity water jet impact[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(11): 426067 (in Chinese)
[3]	葛攀峰, 张旸, 任强, 等. 丙烯酸酯三嵌段热塑性弹性体增韧有机玻璃[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2017, 33(11): 108-111,138.
	GE P F, ZHANG Y, REN Q, et al. Toughening ofpoly(methyl methacrylate) by acrylate triblock thermoplastic elastomers[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering, 2017, 33(11): 108-111,138. (in Chinese)
[4]	尚伟, 计欣华, 张博. 定向有机玻璃拉伸度的等达因法研究[J]. 机械强度, 2012, 34(4): 505-509.
	SHANG W, JI X H, ZHANG B. Investigation on percentage of stretch for directional PMMA by isodyne method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2012, 34(4): 505-509. (in Chinese)
[5]	黎永生. 高透明韧性有机玻璃的研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌航空大学, 2011.
	LI Y S. Study of toughened organic glass with high transmittance[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang Hangkong University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[6]	余林华, 张明祖. PMMA增韧改性方法及机理[J]. 塑料科技, 2008(10): 96-99.
	YU L H, ZHANG M Z. Toughening technology and toughening mechanism of PMMA[J]. Plastics Science and Technology, 2008(10): 96-99. (in Chinese)
[7]	郭伟国, 史飞飞. 不同载荷方式下MDYB-3有机玻璃的变形与破坏行为[J]. 航空学报, 2008, 29(6): 112-120.
	GUO W G, SHI F F. Deformation and failure behavior of MDYB-3 oriented PMMA glass under different loading conditions[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2008, 29(6): 112-120 (in Chinese)
[8]	RANGANATHAN N, ANTO LAWRENCE F, RAJKUMAR S, et al. Influence of surface roughness on tribological and mechanical properties of micromilled and laser ablated poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA organic glass[J]. Polymer Testing, 2020, 81: 106184. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106184 URL
[9]	邓小秋, 李志强, 赵隆茂, 等. 有机玻璃力学性能的研究现状[J]. 力学与实践, 2014, 36(5): 540-550.
	DENG X Q, LI Z Q, ZHAO L M, et al. A review on mechanical behaviour of PMMA[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2014, 36(5): 540-550. (in Chinese)
[10]	ZHENG X L, WANG H, YAN J H. Notch strength and notch sensitivity of polymethyl methacrylate glasses[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2003, 349: 80-88. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00584-1 URL
[11]	阎立山. 有机玻璃双轴拉伸定向[J]. 航空工艺技术, 1991(1): 43-44.
	YAN L S. Biaxial oriented stretching of plexiglass[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 1991(1): 43-44 (in Chinese)
[12]	KIM I S, CHO H, SOHN K S, et al. A study on the severe crazing phenomenon of the PMMA canopy under prolonged exposure to tropical climates[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021, 129: 105719. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105719 URL
[13]	赵景云, 张旋, 颜悦, 等. YB-DM-10航空定向有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展性能[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(8): 156-162. doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2017.000370
	ZHAO J Y, ZHANG X, YAN Y, et al. Fatigue crack propagation property of YB-DM-10 directional PMMA[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(8): 156-162. (in Chinese)
[14]	乔巍, 姚卫星. 剪滞效应对复合材料固化变形影响的数值分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(5): 611-616,623.
	QIAO W, YAO W X. Numerical analysis of shearlag effect on curing deformation of composites[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(5): 611-616,623. (in Chinese)
[15]	张利敏, 王根全, 王延荣, 等. 某型柴油机活塞销轴承磨损分析及表面型线设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(10): 1892-1900. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.10.003
	ZHANG L M, WANG G Q, WANG Y R, et al. Profiledesign and seizure analysis of piston pin bearing of a diesel engine[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(10): 1892-1900. (in Chinese)
[16]	郑健龙, 钱国平, 应荣华. 沥青混合料热粘弹性本构关系试验测定及其力学应用[J]. 工程力学, 2008, 4(1): 34-41.
	ZHENG J L, QIAN G P, YING R H. Testing thermalviscoelastic constitutive relation of asphalt mixtures and its mechanical applications[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2008, 4(1): 34-41. (in Chinese)
[17]	CHATEL T, LE HOUEROU C, PELLETIER H, et al. Numerical analysis of the creep of the contact and recovery of the imprint on amorphous polymer surfaces[J]. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 2013, 17(4): 581-595. doi: 10.1007/s11043-012-9205-x URL
[18]	PARK S W. Analytical modeling of viscoelastic dampers for structural and vibration control[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2001, 38(44): 8065-8092. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00026-9 URL
[19]	WARLUS S, PONTON A, LESLOUS A. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of silica alkoxide during the sol-gel transition[J]. The European Physical Journal, 2003, 12(2): 275-282. doi: 10.1088/0143-0807/12/6/006 URL
[20]	卫延斌, 史仪凯, 刘澎. 粘弹性材料剪切模量松弛函数的拟合研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2010, 31(10): 1409-1412.
	WEI Y B, SHI Y K, LIU P. Fitting research on the relaxation function of shear modulus for viscoelastic materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2010, 31(10): 1409-1412. (in Chinese)
[21]	白士欢. 航空有机玻璃拉伸机力学性能及拉伸工艺研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2022.
	BAI S H. Research onstretch machine mechanical properties and stretching process of aviation plexiglass[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[22]	YE H C, YU Y Y, ZHANG T. Simulation and optimization of roll to roll hot embossing based on viscoelastic material PMMA[J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 768(4): 042024. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/768/4/042024