Characteristics of Pulsed Laser Initiation of Light-Sensitive Explosives

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0092

Abstract

Abstract:

The silver acetylide-silver nitrate loading technology is an important means to simulate the structural response of intense pulsed X-ray. Pulsed laser initiation is different from the traditional method of initiation by light-induced high pressure. Its advantage lies in the enhanced operating controllability, the implementation of special-shaped load and the timeliness of simultaneous loading. The laser initiation mechanism is analyzed, the laser initiation platform and the properties of silver acetylide-silver nitrate material are introduced, and then the laser initiation experiment is carried out according to the light absorption characteristics of light-sensitive explosives. The initiation thresholds of laser with wavelengths of 193nm/266nm/532nm/1064nm are respectively obtained, namely, 5.07mJ/mm², 6.77mJ/mm², 7.21mJ/mm² and 10.61mJ/mm², and the complete initiation process is verified by detonation velocity. The generation of elements in the reaction process is characterized by radiation spectroscopy. This work can provide technical support for the study of pulsed laser initiation process and mechanism, explosion load law, and the loading technology of using light-sensitive explosives to simulate X-ray structural response.

Key words: light-initiated high explosive, pulsed laser, silver acetylide-silver nitrate, threshold value, structural response

WANG Dengwang, XU Haibin, MA Zelong, XU Chang, LIU Xiaodong, ZHANG Yunfeng, ZHAO Qifeng. Characteristics of Pulsed Laser Initiation of Light-Sensitive Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1350-1357.

Figures/Tables 17

References 24

[1]	HOLINKA S, MONTOYA R. Let there be LIHE[J]. Sandia Lab News, 2007, 4(12):5.
[2]	BRISH A A, GALEEV I A, ZAITSEV B N. Laser-excited detonation of condensed explosives[J]. Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves, 1966, 12(3):81-82.
[3]	EWICH D W. Improved 2-D finite difference model for laser diode ignited components[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Pyrotechnics Seminar.Breckenridge,DX, US:NANS, 1994:255-266.
[4]	OESTMARK H, ROMAN B M. Laser ignition of explosives: pyrotechnic ignition mechanisms[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1993, 73(4):2003-2010.
[5]	孙承纬. 激光引爆炸药的机理和实验[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 1978, 2(1):53-65.
	SUN C W. The mechanism and experimental of laser exploration[J]. Explosion and Shock Wave, 1978, 2(1):53-65. (in Chinese)
[6]	冯长根, 项仕标, 王丽琼, 等. 激光强度对含能材料点火的影响[J]. 应用激光, 1999(8):153-155.
	FENG C G, XIANG S B, WANG L Q, et al. Effect of laser intensity on ignition of energetic materials[J]. Applied Laser, 1999(8):153-155. (in Chinese)
[7]	LIAU Y C. A comprehensive analysis of laser- induced ignition of RDX mono-propellant[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2001, 126:1680-1698. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00281-4 URL
[8]	ALI A, SON S, ASAY B, et al. High-irradiance laser ignition of explosives[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2003, 175(8): 1551-1571. doi: 10.1080/00102200302358 URL
[9]	ÖSTMARK H, CARLSON M, EKVALL K. Laser ignition of explosives:effects of laser wavelength on the threshold ignition energy[J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 1994, 12(1/2):63-83. doi: 10.1080/07370659408019339 URL
[10]	ALEKSANDROV E I, TSIPILEV V P. Effect of the pulse length on the sensitivity of lead azide to laser radiation[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves, 1984, 20(6):690-694. doi: 10.1007/BF00757322 URL
[11]	ADUEV B P, NURMUKHAMETOV D R, FUREGA R V. Initiation of the explosive decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate with ultra-dispersed particle additives by laser pulses[J]. Solid Fuel Chemistry, 2012, 46(6):371-374. doi: 10.3103/S036152191206002X URL
[12]	TARZHANOV V I, SDOBNOV V I, ZINCHENKO A D, et al. Laser initiation of mixtures of PETN and aluminum by a deposit[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves, 2017, 53(6):724-729. doi: 10.1134/S0010508217060144 URL
[13]	ALUKER E D, KRECHETOV A G, MITROFANOV A Y, et al. Laser initiation of energetic materials: selective photo initiation regime in pentaerythritol tetra-nitrate[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(4):6893-6901. doi: 10.1021/jp1089195 URL
[14]	ADUEV B P, NURMUKHAMETOV D R, ZVEKOV A A, et al. Laser initiation of PETN-based composites with additives of ultrafine aluminum particles[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves, 2016, 52(6):713-718. doi: 10.1134/S0010508216060113 URL
[15]	ADUEV B P, NURMUKHAMETOV D R, NELYUBINA N V, et al. Laser initiation of compositions based on PETN with submicron coal particles[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves, 2016, 52(5):593-599. doi: 10.1134/S0010508216050105 URL
[16]	KHOKHLOV N P, PONKIN N A, LUKYANENKO I A, et al. Experimental study of laser initiation of a light-sensitive explosive charge over a≈1000mm² surface[J]. Combustion,Explosion,and Shock Waves, 2021, 57(3):364-371. doi: 10.1134/S0010508221030126
[17]	张陆, 王霆威, 王晓军, 等. 激光敏感型含能配合物类起爆药研究进展[J]. 含能材料, 2022, 30(1):1-12.
	ZHANG L, WANG T W, WANG X J, et al. Review on laser sensitive energetic complex primary explosives[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2022, 30(1):1-12. (in Chinese)
[18]	冯长根, 刘柳, 覃文志, 等. 惨杂光敏物质用于降低火工药剂激光发火阈值研究进展[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(11):2347-2360. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.11.023
	FENG C G, LIU L, TAN W Z, et al. Research progress on optical sensitizers for reducing laser ignition threshold of explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(11):2347-2360. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.11.023
[19]	项仕标, 冯长根, 华光, 等. 粒度对激光感度的影响分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2000, 21(1):80-82.
	XIANG S B, FENG C G, HUA G, et al. A study on the effect of particle size upon laser sensitivity[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2000, 21(1):80-82. (in Chinese)
[20]	刘建, 吴立志, 蒋小华, 等. 激光波长对含能材料起爆阈值的影响[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(10):3309-3312.
	LIU J, WU L Z, JIANG X H, et al. Effect of laser wavelengths on initiation threshold of energetic materials[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(10) 3309-3312. (in Chinese)
[21]	刘建, 蒋小华, 含能材料激光起爆技术[J]. 激光杂志, 2013, 43(6):11-14.
	LIU J, JIANG X H. Laser initiation technology for energetic materials[J]. Laser Journal, 2013, 43(6):11-14. (in Chinese)
[22]	赵嘉琳, 程开, 于雪克, 等. 几种典型含能材料光激发解离的含时密度泛函理论研究[J]. 物理学报, 2021, 70(20):301-310.
	ZHAO J L, CHENG K, YU X K, et al. Theoretical research of time-dependent density functional on initiated photo-dissociation of some typical energetic materials at excited state[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(20):301-310.( in Chinese)
[23]	章固丹. 多氮含能配合物激光起爆光化学机理理论研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2020.
	ZHANG G D. Theoretical studies on the photochemical mechanism of laser initiation of nitrogen-rich energetic complexes[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)
[24]	BENHAM R A. An initiate and gas expansion model for the light-initiated explosive silver acelylide-silver nitrate[R]. Albuquerque,NM,US:Sandia Lab,SAND79-1829,1979.

编号	平板质量/ g	总质量/ g	SASN质量/ mg	面密度/ (mg·cm^-2)
1	19.1766	19.1830	6.4	32.59
2	18.3322	18.3427	10.5	53.48
3	18.4339	18.4384	4.5	20.92
4	18.0878	18.0931	5.3	26.99
5	17.8110	17.8229	11.9	60.61
6	18.9769	18.9807	3.8	19.35
7	18.5498	18.5537	3.9	19.86
8	17.9772	17.9820	4.8	24.45
9	18.2176	18.2306	27	42.45
10	19.1538	19.1660	12.2	19.18
11	18.9480	18.9594	11.4	17.92
12	19.5887	19.6018	13.1	20.60
13	18.2005	18.2149	14.4	22.64
14	18.8201	18.8349	14.8	23.27
15	18.8613	18.8720	10.7	16.82
16	18.6746	18.6932	18.6	29.25

编号	平板质量/ g	总质量/ g	SASN质量/ mg	面密度/ (mg·cm^-2)
1	19.1766	19.1830	6.4	32.59
2	18.3322	18.3427	10.5	53.48
3	18.4339	18.4384	4.5	20.92
4	18.0878	18.0931	5.3	26.99
5	17.8110	17.8229	11.9	60.61
6	18.9769	18.9807	3.8	19.35
7	18.5498	18.5537	3.9	19.86
8	17.9772	17.9820	4.8	24.45
9	18.2176	18.2306	27	42.45
10	19.1538	19.1660	12.2	19.18
11	18.9480	18.9594	11.4	17.92
12	19.5887	19.6018	13.1	20.60
13	18.2005	18.2149	14.4	22.64
14	18.8201	18.8349	14.8	23.27
15	18.8613	18.8720	10.7	16.82
16	18.6746	18.6932	18.6	29.25

激光器参数	能量/ mJ	光斑/ mm²	能量密度/ (mJ·mm^-2)	功率密度/ (kW·mm^-2)	是否起爆
ArF, 20Hz, 193nm	3.1	5.275	0.59	29.5	未起爆
	3.8	5.275	0.72	36	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.75	37.5	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.76	38	未起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	4	0.75	5.3	265	完全起爆
	4.4	0.75	5.87	293.5	完全起爆
	13	0.427	30.44	5073.3	完全起爆
	12		7.86	1310.0	完全起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 266nm	9.5	2.512	3.78	600.3	未起爆
	13.1		5.21	827.8	未起爆
	15.4		6.13	973.1	未起爆
	17.0		6.77	1074.2	起爆
	17.5		6.97	1105.8	起爆
	18.5		7.36	1169.0	起爆
	21.1		8.40	1333.3	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 532nm	16.8	3.120	5.38	854.7	未起爆
	18.5		5.93	941.2	未起爆
	21.1		6.76	1073.5	未起爆
	22.5		7.21	1144.7	起爆
	23.9		7.66	1215.9	起爆
	24.8		7.95	1261.7	起爆
	25.9		8.30	1317.7	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 1064nm	22.6	3.524	6.41	1018.0	未起爆
	27.6		7.83	1243.2	未起爆
	32.4		9.19	1459.4	未起爆
	35.2		9.99	1585.5	未起爆
	37.4		10.61	1684.6	起爆
	39.5		11.21	1779.2	起爆
	42.6		12.09	1918.8	起爆

激光器参数	能量/ mJ	光斑/ mm²	能量密度/ (mJ·mm^-2)	功率密度/ (kW·mm^-2)	是否起爆
ArF, 20Hz, 193nm	3.1	5.275	0.59	29.5	未起爆
	3.8	5.275	0.72	36	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.75	37.5	未起爆
	4	5.275	0.76	38	未起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.8	0.75	5.07	253.5	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	3.9	0.75	5.2	260	完全起爆
	4	0.75	5.3	265	完全起爆
	4.4	0.75	5.87	293.5	完全起爆
	13	0.427	30.44	5073.3	完全起爆
	12		7.86	1310.0	完全起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 266nm	9.5	2.512	3.78	600.3	未起爆
	13.1		5.21	827.8	未起爆
	15.4		6.13	973.1	未起爆
	17.0		6.77	1074.2	起爆
	17.5		6.97	1105.8	起爆
	18.5		7.36	1169.0	起爆
	21.1		8.40	1333.3	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 532nm	16.8	3.120	5.38	854.7	未起爆
	18.5		5.93	941.2	未起爆
	21.1		6.76	1073.5	未起爆
	22.5		7.21	1144.7	起爆
	23.9		7.66	1215.9	起爆
	24.8		7.95	1261.7	起爆
	25.9		8.30	1317.7	起爆
Q-smart450, 20Hz, 1064nm	22.6	3.524	6.41	1018.0	未起爆
	27.6		7.83	1243.2	未起爆
	32.4		9.19	1459.4	未起爆
	35.2		9.99	1585.5	未起爆
	37.4		10.61	1684.6	起爆
	39.5		11.21	1779.2	起爆
	42.6		12.09	1918.8	起爆

探针1- 探针2/μs	探针2- 探针3/μs	探针3- 探针4/μs	探针4- 探针5/μs	平均速度/ (km·s^-1)
	7.1	6.8	7.1	1.429
	7.4	6.9	7.4	1.382
8.7	7.4	7.4	6.7	1.325
6.4	7.1	6.9	7.0	1.460