Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel-copper Heterostructure Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0721

Abstract

Abstract:

The composite forming by machining and selective laser melting (SLM) can realize the formation of parts with high efficiency, low cost and heterogeneous materials. The preparation of copper alloy with high thermal conductivity by SLM on the high-strength machined steel substrate was investigated, and the complex bimetallic structure was formed by combining the SLM technology with traditional machining technology. CuSn10 alloy was fabricated by SLM on machined 316L matrix. The interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of steel copper heterostructure manufactured by composite forming were clarified. The microstructure and element distribution at the interface were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum inpspection. The mechanical properties of the steel copper heterostructure were analyzed by tensile test and microhardness measurement. The results showed that: steel and copper diffused and penetrated each other, and a metallurgical bonding area surrounded by steel and copper was formed at the interface; microcracks were found in the bonding area near the 316L matrix and extending to the 316L matrix; the tensile strength of the bonding area reached 361.65MPa±5.45MPa and the elongation was 3.9%±0.1%; the microhardness at the interface gradually decreased from 244.9HV in 316L matrix area to 155.1HV in CuSn10 area. The experimental results revealed that the steel copper heterostructure formed by the combination of machining and SLM has good interface bonding and mechanical properties.

Key words: selective laser melting, hybrid manufacture, interface bonding, microstructure, mechanical properties

CLC Number:

TH162

LI Zhonghua, CHEN Yanlei, LIU Bin, KUAI Zezhou, LU Shengyu, SHI Jingshuai. Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel-copper Heterostructure Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(2): 605-614.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Morphology and particle size distribution of CuSn10 powder

Table 1 Chemical composition of CuSn10 alloy powder

元素	Sn	S	C	O	Cu
含量/%	9.94	≤0.001	≤0.25	0.0466	其余

Table 2 Chemical composition of 316L material

元素	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	Fe
含量/%	0.022	0.506	1.207	16.20	10.05	2.03	其余

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of SLM process

Table 3 EP-M150 equipment parameters

参数	取值
最大成型尺寸	Φ150mm×120mm³
激光器类型	500W光纤激光器
聚焦光斑直径/μm	40~70
铺粉层厚/μm	20~50
成型速度/(cm³·h^-1)	5.0~7.5
最大扫描速度/(m·s^-1)	8

Table 4 SLM process parameters

工艺因素	激光功率/ W	扫描速度/ (mm·s^-1)	扫描间距/ μm	层厚/ μm
工艺参数	195	550	80	20

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the three kinds of drawing parts

Fig.4 Metallographic diagram of CuSn10/316L interface bonding area

Fig.5 SEM of CuSn10/316L interface bonding area

Fig.6 EDS area scan of bonding area (600×)

Fig.7 EDS line scan of bonding area

Fig.8 Curve of microhardness at interface

Fig.9 Comparison of tensile test results

Fig.10 Tensile fracture morphology of composite structure sample

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