Research on Milling of Plain-woven Carbon Fiber-reinforced Composites

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.04.015

Abstract

Abstract: In view of the hardness, brittleness and machining difficulty of fiber-reinforced composite material, a milling mode is put forward to machine the carbon fibre-reinforced plastics（CFRP）, of which the fiber fabric stands vertically. The quality and the microstructures of the machined surfaces are analyzed. The blind-slot milling testes on plain-woven carbon fiber-reinforced composites are conducted. A scanning electron microscope is used to observe the microstructures of the machined surfaces and the swarf. The results show that the delamination is decreased by 30.44% on average with the increase in the cutting speed v_c; and it is increased by 73.49% on average with the increase in the feed speed v_f. There are 5 kinds of micro-fractographs of fiber weft and 2 kinds of micro-fractograps of fiber warp. In this milling mode, the intertexture structure can improve the machined surface quality of the front wall of slot, and the machined surface of the bottom of slot is smooth. Therefore, this milling mode is feasible. But there are some serious defects on the region of the cut-out side where a vulnerable place is. The results provide some useful references for the choice of milling mode and the quality improvement of machined surfaces.

Key words: composite material, cutting mechanism, microstructure of milled surface, plain-woven fabric, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics, swarf

CLC Number:

SU Fei, YUAN Jun-tang, YU Bin-bin, WANG Zhen-hua. Research on Milling of Plain-woven Carbon Fiber-reinforced Composites[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(4): 531-539.

References

［1］ Liu D F, Tang Y J, Cong W L. A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates[J]. Composite Structures, 2012, 94(4): 1265-1279.
[2］ Sahraie Jahromi A, Bahr B. An analytical method for predicting cutting forces in orthogonal machining of unidirectional composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2010, 70(16): 2290-2297.
[3］郑雷, 袁军堂, 汪振华. 纤维增强复合材料磨削钻孔的表面微观研究[J].兵工学报,2008,29(12):1492-1496.
ZHENG Lei, YUAN Jun-tang, WANG Zhen-hua. Microscopic study of ground surfaces of drilled holes in fibre reinforced plastics[J].Acta Armamentarii, 2008,29(12):1492-1496.（in Chinese）
[4］张厚江, 陈五一, 陈鼎昌. 碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)孔壁的微观形态[J].复合材料学报,2000,5(2):98-101.
ZHANG Hou-jiang, CHEN Wu-yi, CHEN Ding-chang. Microstructure of the hole surface of CFRP[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2000,5(2):98-101.（in Chinese）
[5］鲍永杰. C/E复合材料制孔缺陷成因与高效制孔技术[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.
BAO Yong-jie. The formation mechanism of disfigurements during drilling and the high-efficiency techniques of drilling C/E composite[D].Dalian：Dalian University of Technology，2010.（in Chinese）
[6］ Gao H, Bao Y J, Feng Z M. A study of drilling uni-directional carbon/epoxy composites[J]. International Journal of Abrasive Technology, 2011, 4(1): 1-13.
[7］ Hintze W, Hartmann D, Schütte C. Occurrence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs)-an experimental study[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2011, 71(15): 1719-1726.
[8］ Karpat Y, Bahtiyar O, DeAgˇG2er B. Mechanistic force modeling for milling of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2012, 56: 79-93.
[9］ Chatelain J F，Zaghbani I. A comparison of special helical cutter geometries based on cutting forces for the trimming of CFRP laminates[J]. International Journal of Mechanics, 2012,1(6):52-59.
[10］ Sheikh-Ahmad J, Urban N, Cheraghi H. Machining damage in edge trimming of CFRP[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2012, 27(7): 802-808.
[11］周鹏. 碳纤维复合材料工件切削表面粗糙度测量与评定方法研究[D]. 大连:大连理工大学,2011.
ZHOU Peng. Study on measurement and evaluation method of carbon fibre reinforced composites cutting surface roughness[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2011.（in Chinese）
[12］燕瑛. 编织复合材料弹性性能的细观力学模型[J]. 力学学报, 1997, 29(4): 429-438.
YAN Ying. A micromechanical model for elastic behaviour analysis of woven fabric composites[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 1997, 29(4): 429-438.（in Chinese）
[13］ Davim J P, Reis P. Damage and dimensional precision on milling carbon fiber-reinforced plastics using design experiments[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 160(2): 160-167.
[14］ Erkan , I?瘙塂k B, iek A, et al. Prediction of damage factor in end milling of glass fibre reinforced plastic composites using artificial neural network[J]. Applied Composite Materials, 2013, 20(4): 517-536.
[15］魏威, 韦红金. 碳纤维复合材料高质量制孔工艺[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报,2009,41(S):115-118.
WEI Wei, WEI Hong-jin. High quality hole drilling process for carbon fiber composites[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009,41(S):115-118.（in Chinese）
[16］周平, 吴承伟, 于平. 平纹织物复合材料横向力学性能研究[J].复合材料学报,2006.6(3) :170-175.
ZHOU Ping, WU Cheng-wei, YU Ping. Transverse mechanical properties of plain woven fabric composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2006,6(3):170-175.（in Chinese）
[17］武玉芬, 张博明, 张卫方. 基于聚焦粒子束技术的碳纤维单丝断裂韧性实验研究[J]. 复合材料学报, 2012, 29(2): 228-232.
WU Yu-fen, ZHANG Bo-ming, ZHANG Wei-fang. Experimental research of carbon fiber filament’s fracture toughness based on focus iron beam[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2012, 29(2): 228-232.（in Chinese）
[18］李红周, 丁江平, 范欣愉. 跨尺度预测非屈曲织物增强复合材料的刚度和强度[J]. 复合材料学报, 2012, 29(6):170-178.
LI Hong-zhou, DING Jiang-ping, FAN Xin-yu. Prediction of stiffness and strength of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites at multiscales[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2012, 29(6): 170-178.（in Chinese）
[19］韩小进, 孙慧玉, 闫光，等. 三维五向编织复合材料渐进损伤分析的数值方法[J]. 复合材料学报, 2012,29(6):219-224.
HAN Xiao-jin, SUN Hui-yu, YAN Guang,et al. Numerical method for progressive damage analysis of 3D five-directional braided composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2012,29(6):219-224.（in Chinese）
[20］张敏. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料界面结合强度关键影响因素研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学,2010.
ZHANG Min. Study on the key factors of interfacial bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced resin composites[D].Jinan: Shandong University, 2010. （in Chinese）
[21］张敏, 朱波, 王成国, 等. 用SEM研究碳纤维的表面及断口形貌[J]. 功能材料, 2010, 41(10):1731-1733.
ZHANG Min, ZHU Bo, WANG Cheng-guo, et al. Surface and fracture morphologies of carbon fibers observed by SEM[J]. Journal of Functional Materials,2010, 41(10):1731-1733.（in Chinese）

[1]	XU Ting, LI Hua-bing, HONG Xiang, ZHANG Zhong-wei, LIN Yan-yan. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Cladding TiB₂/Ni-based Alloy Composite Coatings [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(8): 1497-1505.
[2]	YIN Dong-mei, LI Bao-ming. Analysis of Progressive Damage of Composite Housing for Railgun under Winding Prestress [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(6): 988-995.
[3]	ZHANG Liao-yuan, SHANG Ming-wei, ZHAO Yan, JIANG Da-lin, MA Kang-le. Study of Diamond Wire Saw Cutting of Carbon Fiber Composite Material [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(11): 2044-2049.
[4]	MENG Xiang-yan， LIU Yun-chuan， ZHOU Yan-ping， WANG Xue-rong， WANG Kang，. Determinatio of Specific Heat Capacity of Fiber and Resin Matrix Composites by Micro-calorimeter [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(10): 1962-1966.
[5]	CAI Bin， TAN Ye-fa， TANG Jian， TAN Hua， WANG Wei-gang. Research on Friction and Wear Properties of CaF₂/TiC/ Ni-Base Alloy Composite Coatings at Different Temperatures [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(6): 900-907.
[6]	Institute of Field Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China. Research on Tribological Properties of WC-Co / NiCrBSi Composite Coatings Prepared by HVOF and APS at Elevated Temperature [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2013, 34(9): 1109-1115.
[7]	ZHANG Zhong-wei, TAN Ye-fa, TU Yi-qiang, DONG Gui-yang, YANG Zi-shuang. Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites Reinforced by Short Carbon Fibers Treated with Ball Milling-liquid Phase Oxidation Method [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2013, 34(7): 869-875.
[8]	LI Pei-zhen， LI Zhi-gang. Simulation on Mechanical Properties of Composite Directional Pipe [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2012, 33(11): 1404-1408.
[9]	WANG Wen-jun， FENG Lei， SHAO Zi-qiang， WANG Fei-jun， LI Yong-hong. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanowhisker/Nitrocellulose Nanocomposites [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2012, 33(10): 1173-1177.
[10]	CAI Bin， TAN Ye-fa， JIANG Guo-liang，XU Ting， TAN Hua， ZHOU Chun-hua. Research on Friction and Wear Property of (WTi)C/Graphite/Ni-Base Alloy Composite Coatings [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(2): 192-198.
[11]	DU Jun，ZHANG Ping，ZHU Xiao-ying，CAI Zhi-hai. Research on Structure and Properties of Zr(AlCu)N Erosion-resistant Coatings on Titanium Alloy Surface [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(12): 1504-1509.
[12]	ZHANG Qian, JIAO Qing-jie, XUAN Zhao-long, LI Tian-peng, YU Wei-bo. Preparation of Carbon Nanotube/Expanded Graphite Composite Material and Its 8mm Wave Attenuation Properties [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(12): 1510-1513.
[13]	LU Yan-li， ZHANG Shuan-qin， JIANG Xiao-jun， PAN Jia-liang. Experiment Research on Spectral Properties of Down-conversion Material Ni₂O₃/CuO/Sb₂O₃:SnO₂ [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(12): 1514-1517.
[14]	ZHANG Shuan-qin， LIAN Chang-chun， LU Yan-li. Experiment Research on Properties of Laser Camouflage Material [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(12): 1547-1550.
[15]	LIU Feng， LIN Bin， WANG Zhan-bin. Parametric Design on High Speed Aerocraft Composite Heat Insulation Layer Based on Genetic Algorithm [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(1): 96-100.