Characteristics of Fragment Cloud Produced by Hypervelocity Impact of Cylindrical Projectile on Stiffened Plate

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0812

Abstract

Abstract:

Regarding the issue of hypervelocity impact on ship-stiffened plate structures,the research has predominantly focused on the information about residual projectile and the characteristics of target plate breaches,while there has been a lack of research on the formation and distribution of fragment cloud.In this study,the finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) adaptive method,incorporating the Johnson-Cook failure criteria and the maximum tensile strain failure criteria is used to simulate the formation of the fragment cloud produced by cylinder projectile impacting a stiffened plate.Simulated results indicate that the cylindrical projectile forms a fragment cloud with double-saddle shape due to the influence of stiffeners during the impact process,and the main part of the fragment cloud is concentrated at the front end,including hazardous fragments on the inside and small fragments on the outside.Moreover,the distribution of fragments is consistent with the experimental result.The impact process is divided into three stages based on the cbharacteristics of fragment distribution,and the formation and propagation of fragments at each stage are discussed.The topographic characteristics of fragment cloud under various stiffener configurations are presented by varying the impact location of cylindrical projectile.Finally,the characteristic parameters,such as mass and kinetic energy,of the hazardous fragments in the fragment cloud are studied,and the degrees of influence of different impact locations are discussed,which is used to assess the damage ability of hazardous fragments to the rear plate.The analyzed results show that the fragments concentrate towards specific areas to form double-saddle shape and saddle shape due to the influence of the stiffeners.The generation of hazardous fragments is primarily influenced by the main stiffener.

Key words: hypervelocity impact, fragment cloud, finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics adaptive method, hazardous fragment

CLC Number:

TJ012.4

NI Yingfeng, CHEN Xiaowei. Characteristics of Fragment Cloud Produced by Hypervelocity Impact of Cylindrical Projectile on Stiffened Plate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240812-.

Figures/Tables 19

References 24

[1]	KONG X S, WU W, LI J, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation on a multi-layer protective structure under the synergistic effect of blast and fragment loadings[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2014, 65:146-162.
[2]	韩增尧, 庞宝君. 空间碎片防护研究最新进展[J]. 航天器环境工程, 2012, 29(4):369-378.
	HAN Z Y, PANG B J. Review of recent development of spacedebris protection research[J]. Spacecraft Environment Engineering, 2012, 29(4):369-378. (in Chinese)
[3]	武江凯, 迟润强, 韩增尧, 等. 载人航天器密封舱结构超高速撞击易损性[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2023, 55(8):25-31.
	WU J K, CHI R Q, HAN Z Y, et al. Vulnerability of pressurized cabin for manned spacecraft under hypervelocity impact[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2023, 55(8):25-31. (in Chinese)
[4]	YAO S J, CHEN F P, WANG Y J, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation on the dynamic response and damage of large-scale multi-box structure under internal blast loading[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 183:110430.
[5]	BEISSEL S R, GERLACH C A, JOHNSON G R. A quantitative analysis of computed hypervelocity debris clouds[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(12):1410-1418.
[6]	ANG J A. Impact flash jet initiation phenomenology[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1990, 10(1):23-33.
[7]	WEN K, CHEN X W, DI D N. Modeling on the shock wave in spheres hypervelocity impact on flat plates[J]. Defence Technology, 2019, 15(4):457-466.
[8]	巨圆圆, 张庆明. 尖卵形弹丸侵彻加筋薄靶剩余速度的理论分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(增刊1):126-130.
	JU Y Y, ZHANG Q M. Theoretical analysis on residual velocity of oval-nosed projectile penetrating into stiffened thin plate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2015, 36(S1):126-130. (in Chinese)
[9]	HU K F, WILLIAM P S. Ballistic limit curves for non-spherical projectiles impacting dual-wall spacecraft systems[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2003, 29:345-355.
[10]	祝奔霆, 吴国民. 截卵形弹体侵彻加筋板架结构数值仿真[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2022, 17(6):244-251.
	ZHU B T, WU G M. Numerical simulation of truncated ovoid projectile intrusion through reinforced plate rack structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2022, 17(6):244-251. (in Chinese)
[11]	WANG Y N, WANG Z, LIANG S H, et al. Experimental and numerical study on the failure modes of ship stiffened plate structure under projectile perforation[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 178:104590.
[12]	ZHANG X T, LI X G, LIU T, et al. Element fracture technique for hypervelocity impact simulation[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2015, 55(9):2293-2304.
[13]	汪庆桃, 吴克刚, 陈志阳. 圆柱形长杆超高速正碰撞薄板结构破碎效应[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(5):54-60.
	WANG Q T, WU K G, CHEN Z Y. Fragmentation effect of a long cylindrical rod with a hypervelocity normaly impacting a thin plate structure[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(5):54-60. (in Chinese)
[14]	HE Q G, CHEN X W, CHEN J F. Finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics adaptive method in simulating debris cloud[J]. Acta Astronautica 2020, 175:99-117.
[15]	FENG N, MA K, CHEN C L, et al. Study of the axial density/impedance gradient composite long rod hypervelocity penetration into a four-layer Q345 target[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 28(10):314-329.
[16]	LIANG S C, LI Y, CHEN H, et al. Research on the technique of identifying debris and obtaining characteristic parameters of large-scale 3D point set[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2013, 56:27-31.
[17]	FAERGESTAD R M, HOLMEN J K, BERSTAD T, et al. Coupled finite element-discrete element method (FEM/DEM) for modelling hypervelocity impacts[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2022, 203:296-307.
[18]	WATSON E, GULDE M, KORTMANN L, et al. Optical fragment tracking in hypervelocity impact experiments[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2019, 155:111-117.
[19]	马坤, 陈春林, 冯娜, 等. 柱形93钨弹体超高速撞击薄钢板穿孔及破片群扩展特征[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11):2350-2359.
	MA K, CHEN C L, FENG N, et al. Characteristics of perforation and fragment group expansion of steel sheet impacted by cylindrical 93 tungsten projectile at hypervelocity[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(11):2350-2359. (in Chinese)
[20]	WU C Y, HE Q G, CHEN X W, et al. Debris cloud structure and hazardous fragments distribution under hypervelocity yaw impact[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 27:169-183.
[21]	马坤, 李名锐, 陈春林, 等. 钢板加筋板架结构对柱形弹超高速侵彻能力的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8):2441-2452.
	MA K, LI M R, CHEN C L, et al. Influence of stiffened structure of steel plate on the hypervelocity penetration ability of cylindrical projectile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8):2441-2452. (in Chinese)
[22]	LI W, HUANG G Y, FENG S S. Effect of eccentric edge initiation on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical casing filled with charge[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 80:107-115.
[23]	SMIRNOV N N, KISELEV A B, ZAKHAROV P P, et al. The usage of adaptive mesh refinement in simulation of high-velocity collision between impactor and thin-walled containment[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2022, 194:401-410.
[24]	HE Q G, CHEN J F, CHEN X W. Velocity space analysis method for hazardous fragments in debris clouds[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022, 161:104087.

模型	参数	符号	93W	Q345
J-C 模型参数	密度/(kg·m^-3)	ρ₀	17600	7830
	泊松比	PR	0.3	0.29
	剪切模量/GPa	E	137	77
	静态屈服极限/MPa	A	600.8	374
	应变硬化模量/MPa	B	1200	795.7
	应变硬化指数	n	0.4944	0.4545
	应变率系数	c	0.059	0.01586
	热软化系数	m	0.8203	0.8856
	熔化温度/K	Tm	3683	1795
	Spall type	SPALL	3	3
	失效参数	D₁	0.16	0.05
	失效参数	D₂	3.13	3.44
	失效参数	D₃	-2.04	-2.12
	失效参数	D₄	0.007	0.003
	失效参数	D₅	0.37	0.61
Mie-Gruneisen 状态方程	初始声速/(m·s^-1)	C₀	4029	4569
	常数	S₁	1.237	1.33
	常数	S₂-S₃	0	0
	常数	γ₀	1.54	1.67
	常数	ɑ	0	0

模型	参数	符号	93W	Q345
J-C 模型参数	密度/(kg·m^-3)	ρ₀	17600	7830
	泊松比	PR	0.3	0.29
	剪切模量/GPa	E	137	77
	静态屈服极限/MPa	A	600.8	374
	应变硬化模量/MPa	B	1200	795.7
	应变硬化指数	n	0.4944	0.4545
	应变率系数	c	0.059	0.01586
	热软化系数	m	0.8203	0.8856
	熔化温度/K	Tm	3683	1795
	Spall type	SPALL	3	3
	失效参数	D₁	0.16	0.05
	失效参数	D₂	3.13	3.44
	失效参数	D₃	-2.04	-2.12
	失效参数	D₄	0.007	0.003
	失效参数	D₅	0.37	0.61
Mie-Gruneisen 状态方程	初始声速/(m·s^-1)	C₀	4029	4569
	常数	S₁	1.237	1.33
	常数	S₂-S₃	0	0
	常数	γ₀	1.54	1.67
	常数	ɑ	0	0

时间/μs	“尖端” 头部速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 尾部速度/ (km·s^-1)	残弹头部轴向速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 轴向距离/ cm
10	3.48	2.55	2.89	1.25
20	3.48	2.66	2.89	1.84
30	3.48	2.73	2.88	2.44
40	3.48	2.78	2.88	3.04
50	3.48	2.80	2.88	3.63

时间/μs	“尖端” 头部速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 尾部速度/ (km·s^-1)	残弹头部轴向速度/ (km·s^-1)	“尖端” 轴向距离/ cm
10	3.48	2.55	2.89	1.25
20	3.48	2.66	2.89	1.84
30	3.48	2.73	2.88	2.44
40	3.48	2.78	2.88	3.04
50	3.48	2.80	2.88	3.63

工况	弹体剩余长度/ mm			残弹破片群轴向速度/(m·s^-1)			破片群横向扩展速度/(m·s^-1)
工况	实验值	计算值	误差/ %	实验值	计算值	误差/ %	实验值	计算值	误差/ %
实验1	11.39	11.15	2.11	2953	2897	1.89	738	769	4.20
实验2	18.90	18.62	1.48	2457	2471	0.57	482	524	8.71